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Author Topic: 时隔70年又一大改革,日本政府敲定5岁以下幼儿保育免费化法案  (Read 1180 times)

LeandraLin

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时隔70年又一大改革,日本政府敲定5岁以下幼儿保育免费化法案

2019.02.12
          为进一步应对少子化、减轻育儿家庭的负担,日本政府在2月12日(周二)的内阁会议上敲定了实施幼儿教育及保育免费化的《儿童及育儿支援法》修正案。该法案为本届日本国会的重要法案,政府和执政党将争取令其早日通过。

按计划,从今年10月起,有3-5岁儿童的原则上所有家庭,以及有0-2岁幼儿的免除居民税的低收入家庭,将分别无需缴纳政府认证的保育园、儿童园和幼儿园的使用费。

据共同社报道,日本政府还为认证外的保育设施设置了费用补助:对于3-5岁儿童,部分私立幼儿园的补助上限为每月2.57万日元(约合人民币1577元),认证外设施、保姆、病儿保育等服务上限为每月3.7万日元。0-2岁儿童每月最多补助4.2万日元。

作为安倍晋三政府提出的“全年龄层型社会保障”的一环,幼儿教育及保育免费化的资金来源是日本消费税率提高到10%以后增加的税收。安倍晋三12日在众院预算委员会表示,“这是自小学、初中9年的普通教育免费化以来,时隔约70年的大改革。(日本)将朝着容易生养的国家大幅转变”。

目前,日本的幼儿园使用费机制是根据收入按比例提高。由于免费化将使得收入越高的人群在经济上受益更多,在野党批评此举“将扩大贫富差距”。少子化对策担当相宫腰光宽在2月12日的记者会上回应说:“对于低收入家庭已先行实施减负措施。”

此外,日本政府还在当天的内阁会议上通过低收入家庭学生免费上大学及短期大学等高等教育机构的新法案。除减免学费和入学金外,政府还将提供无需返还的补贴型奖学金,该法案计划明年4月起施行。

近年来,日本出生人口数不断下降,2018年出生的婴儿为92.1万人,连续三年不足100万人,近30年来出生人数下降三成。

Source: 时隔70年又一大改革,日本政府敲定5岁以下幼儿保育免费化法案



 

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