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Author Topic: AI带来天然气繁荣?  (Read 54 times)

MarkFengZhi

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on: May 08, 2024, 12:02:35 AM
AI带来天然气繁荣?

本文来自:


华尔街见闻


,作者:卜淑情,原文标题:《AI带来天然气繁荣?或满足60%的电力需求增长》,题图来自:视觉中国





随着人工智能推动用电量暴增,未来仅靠可再生能源可能难以满足社会用电需求。在此背景下,在接下来的十年里,天然气需求有望实现大幅增长。




富国银行预测,到2030年,美国天然气需求每日可能增加100亿立方英尺,比目前美国发电消耗的气量增加28%,占美国每日总天然气消耗量的10%。




满足AI电力需求增长,天然气或成为首选




富国银行4月份发布的一份报告指出,随着人工智能革命的兴起、美国半导体和电池制造的扩张以及汽车行业的电动化,到2030年,美国电力需求将增长20%,长达10年的电力增长平台期即将告一段落。




富国银行预测,到2030年,仅AI数据中心就有望使美国电力需求增加约323太瓦时
(1太瓦时=10亿千瓦时)
,比纽约市目前每年48太瓦时的用电量高出七倍。高盛预计,到2030年,数据中心将占美国总用电量的8%。




为了应对电力需求暴增,谷歌、微软等科技巨头承诺使用可再生能源为数据中心供电,但根据咨询公司Rystad Energy 4月公布的一份报告,太阳能和风能因本身的不稳定性,可能不足以满足电力负荷。




Rystad Energy表示,未来将需要一种能源,能够在可再生能源发电不足的情况下填补供应缺口。在这种情况下,
天然气行业普遍押注天然气将成为首选。





美国最大天然气管道运营商Kinder Morgan执行董事长Richard Kinder在公司一季度财报中表示:





这种需求表明,就满足市场的实际需求而言,强调可再生能源是唯一的电力来源存在致命缺陷。我相信他们
(大型科技公司)
开始认识到天然气和核能必须发挥的作用。





天然气需求有望大幅增长




高盛今年4月发布的报告显示,
为满足人工智能和数据中心带来的电力需求增长,天然气预计将占到增量的60%,而可再生能源将占到剩余的40%。





据富国银行称,到2030年,美国天然气需求每日可能增加100亿立方英尺,这将比目前美国发电消耗的每日350亿立方英尺增加28%,占美国每日总天然气消耗1000亿立方英尺的10%。




富国银行分析报告的作者之一Roger Read指出:





这就是人们越来越看好天然气的原因。对于一种大宗商品来说,这是相当高的增长率。





高盛预测,本十年末,天然气需求将增加每天330亿立方英尺,而Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co.基本假设为每天270亿立方英尺,最高假设为每天850亿立方英尺。




美国公用事业巨头Dominion在其2023年年度资源计划中提出了未来二十五年新增天然气装机容量0.9至9.3吉瓦的设想。




Dominion表示,当太阳能等可再生资源的供电量下降时,天然气涡轮机对于填补缺口至关重要。




“我们正在建设大量的可再生能源,我们所有的客户都在寻找这种能源,但我们需要确保我们能够可靠地运行这个系统,” 该公司CEO Robert Blue 在周四的财报电话会议上告诉分析师。




富国银行分析师里德告诉媒体,可再生能源将在满足需求方面发挥重要作用,
但它们存在的问题,让天然气至少在2030年前看起来更具吸引力。





比如,许多可再生能源未来将安装在不紧邻数据中心的区域,修建输电网络需要时间。此外,目前可再生能源的电池技术效率不足以为数据中心每天24小时供电。




天然气繁荣即将回归?




分析认为,电力需求暴增可能有助于使天然气价格摆脱低迷。




由于产量强劲、暖冬导致需求下降以及美国库存处于纪录高水平,2024年第一季度美国天然气价格暴跌超过30%。





据富国银行预测,到2030年,美国天然气平均价格可能为每千立方英尺3.5美元,比2024年增长46%。






本文来自:


华尔街见闻


,作者:卜淑情


                                                                                   
                                                                       

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