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Author Topic: 中国加入《武器贸易条约》利己利人  (Read 1275 times)

EnLong12

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on: October 13, 2019, 06:04:10 AM
中国加入《武器贸易条约》利己利人

更新于2019年9月30日 03:32兰顺正:《武器贸易条约》可以大大增加恐怖主义或极端势力团体获得常规武器的难度,有利于国际社会集体安全。



9月27日,中国国务委员兼外交部长王毅在纽约联合国总部出席第74届联合国大会一般性辩论,并在发言时宣布,中国已启动加入《武器贸易条约》的相关国内法律程序。无疑,中国将加入《武器贸易条约》对于世界和平与国际军控都是利好消息。长久以来,核武器、生化武器等技术,由于具有巨大的杀伤力和可能带来的严重后果,一直是各国以及国际社会的重点监控对象。而与之相比,常规武器市场却相对宽松,因为缺乏有效的规范,常规武器的非法交易与走私导致很多地区战火丛生,大量平民深受其害,这一点在某些发展中国家尤为明显。为了控制常规武器流入战乱地区,2006 年年底联合国大会通过制定《武器贸易条约》的决议,要求缔约国设立管制武器出口的机制,以确保所输出的武器不被用于种族灭绝、战争罪行,或落入恐怖分子和犯罪团伙手中。此后,条约谈判会议筹委会先后召开四次会议。2012 年 7 月 24 日,英国、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和瑞典等6个欧洲国家发表联合声明,意在尽快签署具有法律效应的《武器贸易条约》,规范全球常规武器交易。2013 年 4 月 2 日,该《条约》在第 67 届联合国大会上获得通过,2014 年 12 月 24 日正式生效。《武器贸易条约》监管的对象包括坦克、装甲战车、大口径大炮、战斗机、攻击直升机、战舰、导弹与导弹发射器,以及小型军火。《条约》为联合国监管这八类常规武器的国际贸易制定了国际标准,目前全球有 130 个国家签署了该条约,其中 60 个国家已经批准。2013年9月25日,美国国务卿克里在纽约联合国总部代表奥巴马总统正式签署《武器贸易条约》,使美国成为自条约开放签署以来的第91个签署国。当时克里表示,该条约是全球解决常规武器非法贸易问题的重要步骤,能够避免武器落入恐怖分子和反叛行动方的手中,帮助加强全球安全与美国的国家安全。可是在特朗普上台后,他认为该条约限制了美国的武器出口,会影响美国相关利益(尤其是军工集团的利益),与他奉行的“美国优先”政策相抵触。在今年4 月 26 日印第安纳州举行的美国步枪协会年会上,特朗普宣布《武器贸易条约》是一个“严重误导的条约”,美国将撤销在该条约上的签字,并要求参议院停止该条约的批准程序,使美国退出联合国《武器贸易条约》。很明显,特朗普政府这种只顾自己卖军火,不顾他国人民死活的做法会在国际社会上起到一个非常坏的“榜样”作用。与美国相比,中国在一开始虽未签署条约,但一直严格遵循联合国武器登记申报制度,6年来中国和条约相关方的协商与谈判也取得不少进展。根据此次的报道,9月28日中国外交部发言人耿爽表示,目前中方正按照规定履行相应的国内法律手续,争取尽快实现入约。不难看出,中国一旦加入《条约》,这实为利己利人之举。在中国看来,在全球化日益深入的今天,该条约可以大大增加恐怖主义或极端势力团体获得常规武器的难度,有利于国际社会的集体安全。同时,《条约》的缔约国所进行的常规武器贸易都被纳入了《条约》规定的框架,减少了各国之间的武器贸易的无序性,能够遏制地区局势的动荡,为相关国家的发展提供和平稳定的国际环境,对此一直信奉和平崛起理念的中国也将受益匪浅。正如耿爽所言,中方一向高度重视常规武器非法转让和滥用引发的各方面问题,支持《武器贸易条约》的宗旨和目标,赞成采取必要措施,规范国际武器贸易行为,打击非法武器转让。作为国际大家庭中负责任的一员,中方愿继续与各方加强交流与合作,共同致力于构建规范合理的武器贸易秩序,为维护国际和地区和平与稳定做出积极贡献。综上,在美国“退群成风”的今天,中国宣布将加入《武器贸易条约》的行动会给国际社会打上一针有力的“强心剂”。(注:作者是远望智库特约研究员,察哈尔学会研究员,中国指挥与控制学会会员。本文仅代表作者个人观点。责编邮箱bo.liu@ftchinese.com)
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