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Author Topic: 科技冷战下投资者如何布局?  (Read 776 times)

EnLong12

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on: June 24, 2019, 01:03:01 AM
科技冷战下投资者如何布局?

更新于2019年6月13日 02:47陈敏兰:经济风险居高不下,随着基准利率进一步走低,收益率策略的重要性将日益彰显,而多元化布局比以往任何时候都显得更加重要。



贸易摩擦再度升级,并迅速延伸至新战线,令投资者不得不考虑转变策略。就在中美最新一轮经贸磋商即将开始前几天,美国总统特朗普突然在5月10日连发数条推文,指责中国“破坏协议”。白宫随后将进口自中国的价值2000亿美元商品加征的关税税率从10%上调至25%,并威胁将对余下3250亿美元中国输美商品全部加征关税。中国随即采取反制措施,对600亿美元的美国商品加征关税。随后美国的措施进一步升级:美国商务部在5月16日将中国科技业巨擘华为公司列入出口管制“实体名单”,实际上相当于切断了美国企业对华为的关键零部件供应。虽然白宫将这项禁令延后90天才正式实施,但是对北京方面来说此举意味着冲突严重升级,并有向非贸易领域延伸的风险。值得注意的是,这可能导致全球两大经济体之间开启科技冷战,中美或各自发展生态系统。这对整个科技行业、股市以及全球经济都将产生重大而深远的影响。考虑到这种可能性以及短期内给金融市场带来的压力,投资者该如何布局?我们认为寻求收益率及多元化投资是关键。贸易战是可以解决的目前看来,中美双方似乎都不急于达成协议。美国经济表现稳健,失业率位于50年来的低点3.6%。对中国强硬还有助于特朗普在美国国内获得支持。中国经济在稳增长政策下也逐渐企稳。而且,与美国达成的任何协议都必须体现出“双赢”,中国不能被视为屈服于美国的遏制与霸凌。中美摩擦很可能长期持续。然而,当初将双方引到谈判桌的因素并没有改变:此事对双方都事关重大,谁都输不起。如果贸易谈判彻底破裂,美国对中国所有商品加征关税,且中国回敬以非关税壁垒,则我们估计两国的GDP增速都将下滑1个百分点,美国股市可能下跌10–15%,中国股市跌幅也将达到15–20%,美元兑人民币或将升至7.3。因此,为减少损失,最可能发生的情景是,双方都做出让步并达成协议,部分撤回已加征关税,美国要求的结构性变革部分得到解决。我们的基准情景是,中美将在2019年底前的某个时点达成协议。科技威胁是另一码事美国决定对华为“断供”,则是另一码事。重新调整贸易关系以及市场准入、知识产权保护和技术转让等方面的规则,固然是美国及其主要盟友都想达成的目标,而且受到中国自由派和精英分子的支持,但是特朗普政府的优先事项似乎已转向遏制中国崛起成为科技强国。美国能否达成此目标有待商榷,但是近期美国多方遏制华为的行动将对整个科技产业带来重大影响。如果华为禁令变为永久措施(白宫也可能取消该禁令,就像对另一家中国公司中兴那样),则华为的智能手机以及电信基础设施业务将受到重大损失。就智能手机而言,竞争对手将迅速占领华为流失的市场份额;而对电信基础设施来说,情况则较为复杂,华为不仅在成本效率上遥遥领先,而且技术也更为先进,尤其是5G。将华为拒之门外将对5G的整体发展及相关供应链造成重大影响,亚洲科技行业的盈利可能会下降中个位数,其中台湾受到的冲击最大(中高个位数)。在此期间,全球硬件和半导体制造商的压力依然很大,因此避开这两个行业是明智之举。北京方面是否会采取反制措施还有待观察,比如限制向美国出口稀土—— 此举可能大大限制美国制造高科技产品的能力,并可能引发美国进一步报复。这种恶性循环将导致公司削减开支,进而损及全球经济增长,并导致金融市场承压。情况可能不至于到此地步。然而,随着时间推移,科技产业可能分裂成两大阵营,分别由美国和中国及各自的科技巨头主导。随着竞争日益加剧以及新供应链的发展、迁移和脱钩,在全球范围内多元化投资并避免过度集中显得更加重要,无论是在美国、中国或是科技领域都是如此。投资者应如何布局?经济风险居高不下,目前看来央行可能在更长时间内保持低利率。因此,收益率策略的重要性将日益彰显,比如,持有以美元计价的新兴市场主权债,相较于美国国债有357个基点的利差;做空一篮子低息货币(澳元、纽元和新台币)并做多一篮子高息新兴市场货币(印尼盾、印度卢比、南非兰特)。就亚太区而言,亚洲高收益债券的到期收益率高达7.5%,颇具吸引力,而且受贸易战的影响相对较小。过去我们青睐的香港和新加坡的房地产投资信托基金(REITs)目前来看估值已高。寻求建新仓的投资者或许能从本地银行和中资银行获得更佳回报,二者的盈利稳健,而且股息收益率分别高达5.0% 和5.8%左右。对投资者而言,尽管目前不确定性弥漫,但这并不意味着要完全退出市场,尽管未来谈判之路更加崎岖,但贸易协议依然有可能达成。随着基准利率进一步走低,投资者应把握获取收益率的机会,而多元化布局比以往任何时候都显得更加重要。(作者系瑞银财富管理亚太区首席投资总监。本文仅代表作者观点。责任编辑邮箱:Tao.feng@ftchinese.com)

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