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Author Topic: 证件照很难拍?在家就能轻松搞定!  (Read 943 times)

ZhangAlix

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证件照很难拍?在家就能轻松搞定!

2019-03-16
      证件照是生活中必不可少的照片。那么我们能不能在家快速给自己拍张证件照?其实不难。
1. 镜头选择
我们可以选择 50~80 毫米的中焦镜头来拍摄证件照。
使用广角镜头,容易造成人物脸部变形,鼻子变大,眼睛、耳朵变小;使用长焦镜头,你需要站在很远的地方拍摄,但是室内可能没有那么大空间。
广角镜头会导致脸部变形,焦距越短变形越明显
2. 人物准备
女生可以着淡妆,但注意不要涂抹颜色夸张的眼影和口红。男性可以不进行化妆,但最好剃干净或修齐胡须。
头发不能遮挡脸型,因此 “刘海” 是不允许存在的。严格的证件照甚至要求露出两只耳朵。所以,对于长发的女生,马尾辫是很好的选择,短发女生则需要将头发别在耳朵后面。男性也需要将发型打理整齐。
对于有的人来说,露出耳朵可能是个有些困难的问题,有两种解决办法,一是用中长焦镜头拍摄,降低透视感,颧骨对耳朵的遮挡会变少;第二是用一小节卫生纸卷成长条塞到耳朵后面将耳廓 “垫起来”。
服饰方面,注意衣服的颜色要和背景拉开差距。别忘了,拍证件照不允许戴配饰,如耳钉、项链等。拍摄佩戴眼镜的人要小心调整光源方向,避免镜片反光。

3. 布光
证件照要求使用正面光照亮脸部所有细节,有三个要点需注意:一是使用正面偏高角度的光源,二是让光源的面积尽可能大一些,三是充分利用环境反光。
先给大家说明一下影楼证件照的布光方法。首先,一只很大的柔光箱放置于人物正前方斜上四十五度的高度;其次,被摄人物被三块白色的反光板包围,以避免两侧阴影过重,同时将脸型外轮廓勾勒出来;再次,摄影师会在人物腿部高度放置一块小反光板,补充暗部光线。

在家里拍摄时虽然没那么多专业道具,但原理是一样的。你可以把几盏台灯一起向天花板打光,利用天花板的反光照亮脸部,这样会得到更柔和的光。但需注意,如果你使用的是多种光源,那么要确保光源之间的色温是统一的。
被摄者可以站在两堵白墙的夹角处,这样便有了两侧的反光板。至于头顶上的那条墙角线条——可以在后期中轻松 “擦掉”。最后,别忘了在脸部下方放个白色物体进行补光,它大约需要有两张 A4 纸那么大。
3. 拍摄方法
你需要使用 f/8 或更小的光圈值,已获得足够景深,保证眼睛被拍清楚的同时耳朵不模糊;同时,室内光线不会很亮,你需要调高感光度。
你可以在光圈优先模式下,指定光圈然后逐级调高感光度直至快门速度高于 1/30 秒为止。最好将相机安装在三脚架上帮助轻松构图和自拍。
构图时使用竖构图,在四周多留些空间,头顶上方需要留出一拳空间,下方最好拍到胸部。因为各机构对证件照的尺寸要求不尽相同,多留些空间有利于灵活裁切。最后,拍摄证件照头不能歪,别忘了在取景器中帮助被摄者调整。
最终拍摄结果
4. 后期调整
以 Photoshop 为例,我们可以先用曲线工具调整照片曝光,以拉低左侧的曲线,同时适当拉高中部和右侧的曲线,让画面的对比度更大的同时,也让肤色变亮。

接下来,使用修复画笔工具来修复皮肤问题,修复时的原则和化妆类似,临时性的皮肤问题可以大胆去除。

很多人在拍照时面部表情僵硬,拍出来的照片嘴角上扬的幅度不太对称,这些都可以用液化功能调整。
也有人希望用液化功能 “瘦脸”,但你需要遵循一个原则——肉可以瘦,骨不可以削。另外,液化功能还可以帮助修饰发型。

接下来是处理背景。简单抠图可以通过魔棒工具、磁性套索工具选择背景区域,点击右键,执行 5~10 个像素的 “羽化”,将左侧工具栏最底部的背景颜色选为纯白,并按下键盘上的删除键,此时背景将变成一片纯白。

处理完照片就可以对照片进行裁剪。在选择裁剪工具后,你需要在顶部将裁剪工具切换为 “宽×高×分辨率” 的单位,然后在第一个和第二个空格内填写照片的打印尺寸。
一般情况下,1 寸照片的尺寸是 2.5×3.5 厘米,2 寸照片的尺寸是 3.5×5.3 厘米,分辨率填写为 “300 像素/英寸” 就足以。
在裁切时我们要注意对照片进行构图,一寸照片的构图,大约会在顶部留出半拳空间,底部大约在锁骨附近;两寸照片的构图,顶部大约有一拳空间,底部会截断在锁骨下方一拳左右。

最后进行排版工作。
按下 Ctrl+A 按钮全选照片,Ctrl+C 复制,然后按下 Ctrl+N 新建文件,选择尺寸为 6×4 英寸(分辨率 300dpi),在新文件里按下 Ctrl+V 按钮粘贴刚才复制的照片,使用工具栏左上角的移动工具移动照片图层,重复 Ctrl+V,进行排版即可完成一张证件照。
新建文件选项
最终排版结果
(图:宁萌;文:叶梓)

Source: 证件照很难拍?在家就能轻松搞定!



 

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