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Author Topic: 中美在北京恢复贸易谈判  (Read 974 times)

EnLong12

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on: February 17, 2019, 12:04:38 AM
中美在北京恢复贸易谈判

更新于2019年2月15日 06:56市场对于两国能够避免贸易战升级变得更加乐观,但双方围绕中国企业享受政府补贴、产业政策和国有银行支持等问题仍存分歧。



中国副总理刘鹤与美国贸易代表罗伯特•莱特希泽(Robert Lighthizer)昨日在北京恢复贸易谈判。市场对于他们能够避免世界两大经济体之间的贸易战升级变得更加乐观。然而,尽管围绕此轮谈判的乐观情绪本周推动中国股市走高,并帮助欧洲股市昨日触及三个月高点,但分析人士警告称,双方距离达成协议仍存在重大障碍。对于最迟在3月1日达成协议,最大障碍是围绕中国企业享受政府补贴、产业政策和国有银行支持的分歧。美国总统唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)威胁称,如果不能在截止期限之前谈拢,将把针对大约一半中国输美商品的关税提高一倍多。特朗普和莱特希泽一再表示,北京方面必须彻底改革或取消此类支持计划。特朗普在本月发表的国情咨文演讲中誓言,终止贸易战的任何协议都必须包括“结束不公平贸易行为的真正结构性变革”。美国官员们主张,中国的补贴扭曲了世界各地的市场和竞争。在去年发布的两份有关中国据称存在的不公平贸易行为的报告中,莱特希泽挂帅的美国贸易代表办公室(Office of the US Trade Representative)将大部分批评集中于北京方面支持在境外投资或经营的企业,并致力于推动开发电动和其他“新能源”汽车。中国谈判代表则希望,特朗普(他下月也许会与中国国家主席习近平会晤)能够同意这样一项贸易协议:专注于中国购买更多美国大宗商品,并为美国企业扩大市场准入,但不要求改变国家主导的中国经济的运作方式。尽管莱特希泽提出,支持中资企业的境外业务“削弱了美国公司在公平环境下参与全球市场竞争的能力”,但刘鹤没有让步迹象。据听取了谈判简报的人士透露,刘鹤的谈判团队已表示愿意提高北京方面各种补贴制度的透明度,但不愿废除或大幅修改美国瞄准的任何政策。在许多中国官员和分析人士眼里,特朗普政府要求的艰难结构性改革意在破坏中国成功的经济发展模式。“美国不应该要求中国按照它自己的体制来改变法律和政治经济制度,”中国人民大学的金融专家贾晋京在北京表示。“中国国有经济的(首要地位)是写入宪法的。如果你承认中国是一个独立的国家,你就应该承认它有权具备自己的特色。”双方在这类“结构性”问题上的立场鸿沟,在美国贸易代表办公室本月早些时候发布的一份报告中表露无遗。该报告指责中国没有遵守世界贸易组织(WTO)对政府补贴计划的披露要求。即使刘鹤愿意、并且能够对所有中央和地方政府补贴进行莱特希泽认可为符合WTO规则的会计披露,在3月领导人峰会之前谈判对其中任何一项进行重大改革,也将是完全不同的一个挑战。刘心宁补充报道译者/何黎

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