同样面临虚假信息和安全威胁，台湾为何不封禁TikTok

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同样面临虚假信息和安全威胁，台湾为何不封禁TikTok

MEAGHAN TOBIN, AMY CHANG CHIEN2024年5月17日多年来，台湾一直是全球网络虚假信息的主要目标之一，其中大部分源自中国。 An Rong Xu for The New York TimesAs it is in the United States, TikTok is popular in Taiwan, used by a quarter of the island’s 23 million residents.和在美国一样，TikTok在台湾很受欢迎，岛上2300万居民中有四分之一在使用它。People post videos of themselves shopping for trendy clothes, dressing up as video game characters and playing pranks on their roommates. Influencers share their choreographed dances and debate whether the sticky rice dumplings are better in Taiwan’s north or south.人们发布自己购买时尚服装、打扮成游戏角色、捉弄室友的视频。网红们分享精心编排的舞蹈，讨论台湾北部和南部的粽子哪个更好吃。Taiwanese users of TikTok, which is owned by the Chinese internet giant ByteDance, are also served the kind of pro-China content that the U.S. Congress cited as a reason it passed a law that could result in a ban of TikTok in America.中国互联网巨头字节跳动旗下的TikTok也向台湾用户提供亲中国的内容，美国国会美国国会曾以这种亲中国的内容为由通过一项法律，有可能导致在美国禁用TikTok。One recent example is a video showing a Republican congressman, Rob Wittman of Virginia, stoking fears that a vote for the ruling party in Taiwan’s January election would prompt a flood of American weapons to aid the island democracy in a possible conflict with China, which claims it as part of its territory. The video was flagged as fake by a fact-checking organization, and TikTok took it down.最近的一个例子是，一段有弗吉尼亚州共和党国会议员罗布·惠特曼的视频在煽动人们的恐惧，称在1月的台湾大选中投票支持执政党将促使美国提供大量武器，在可能的台海冲突中协助这个民主岛屿。中国声称台湾是其领土的一部分。该视频被一个事实核查组织标记为假视频，TikTok将其撤下。About 80 miles from China’s coast, Taiwan is particularly exposed to the possibility of TikTok’s being used as a source of geopolitical propaganda. Taiwan has been bombarded with digital disinformation for decades, much of it traced back to China.距离中国海岸约130公里的台湾特别容易受到TikTok被用作地缘政治宣传这一可能性的影响。几十年来，台湾一直受到数字虚假信息的轰炸，其中大部分可以追溯到中国。But unlike Congress, the government in Taiwan is not contemplating legislation that could end in a ban of TikTok.但与美国国会不同，台湾政府并没有考虑通过可能导致TikTok被禁的立法。Officials in Taiwan say the debate over TikTok is just one battle in a war against disinformation and foreign influence that the country has already been fighting for years.台湾官员表示，关于TikTok的讨论，只是台湾多年来持续打击虚假信息和外国影响的战争中的一场战役。Taiwan has built an arsenal of defenses, including a deep network of independent fact-checking organizations. There is a government ministry dedicated to digital affairs.台湾建立了一系列防御措施，包括一个由独立事实核查组织组成的深度网络。有一个政府部门专门负责数字事务。TikTok首席执行官周受资3月在国会山。他曾多次就TikTok与中国的关系接受立法者的质询。And Taiwan was early to label TikTok a national security threat. The government issued an executive order banning it from official devices in 2019, along with two other Chinese apps that play short videos: Douyin, which is also owned by ByteDance, and Xiaohongshu.台湾很早就将TikTok列为国家安全威胁。2019年，政府发布了一项行政命令，禁止在官方设备上使用TikTok，同时禁止的还有另外两款播放短视频的中国应用程序：小红书，以及同属字节跳动旗下的抖音。The political party that has governed Taiwan for the past eight years — and is set to do so for another four when Lai Ching-te is inaugurated as president on Monday — does not use the app, even during campaign season, over concerns about its data collection.出于对其数据收集的担忧，过去八年中一直统治台湾的政党——周一赖清德就任总统后还将继续统治台湾四年——即使在竞选季也没有使用TikTok。Here in Taiwan, lawmakers say, they do not have the luxury of thinking of TikTok as the only threat. Disinformation reaches Taiwanese internet users on every type of social media, from chat rooms to short videos.台湾的议员们说，他们不能奢望TikTok是唯一的威胁。从聊天室到短视频，台湾互联网用户在各种社交媒体上都能看到虚假信息。“If you say you are targeting China, people will ask why we are not also talking about others,” said Puma Shen, a lawmaker from the ruling Democratic Progressive Party. “That’s why our strategy needs to be that we are regulating every social media platform, not just TikTok,” said Mr. Shen, formerly the head of Doublethink Lab, a disinformation research group in Taipei.“如果你说你针对的是中国，人们就会问为什么我们不同时针对其他国家，”执政的民进党议员、曾担任台北虚假信息研究机构台湾民主实验室负责人的沈伯洋说。“所以我们的战略需要是监管每一个社交媒体平台，而不仅仅是TikTok。”Taiwan has a deeply ingrained culture of free political speech, having taken the first steps to democracy only about three decades ago. Debate thrives across a huge variety of social media platforms, including on Taiwanese online forums, such as Dcard and Professional Technology Temple.台湾在大约30年前才迈出了民主的第一步，其政治言论自由文化根深蒂固。在各种各样的社交媒体平台上，包括狄卡和批踢踢实业坊等台湾在线论坛上，辩论非常活跃。台湾事实核查中心执行长邱家宜去年在台北。今年1月台湾总统选举结束后的第二天，该中心的网站就迎来了成千上万的访问者。But the most widely used platforms have foreign owners, and TikTok is not the only one. YouTube, Facebook and Instagram, operated by publicly traded U.S. companies, are even more popular than TikTok in Taiwan. And Line, a messaging app owned by a Japanese subsidiary of the South Korean internet giant Naver, is commonly used in the country as a news source and way to make payments.但使用最广泛的平台都有外国所有者，而TikTok并不是唯一一家。由美国上市公司运营的YouTube、Facebook和Instagram在台湾甚至比TikTok更受欢迎。韩国互联网巨头Naver的日本子公司拥有的即时通讯应用Line在台湾通常被当做新闻来源和支付方式。Legislators in Taiwan are considering measures that tackle internet threats — fraud, scams and cybercrime — broadly enough to apply to all these existing social media platforms, including TikTok, as well as whatever might replace them in the future.台湾立法委员正在考虑采取措施应对互联网威胁——欺诈、诈骗和网络犯罪——这些措施的范围要大到足以适用于包括TikTok在内的所有现有社交媒体平台，以及未来可能取代它们的任何平台。One proposal introduced this month would require influential platforms that feature online advertising, which effectively encompasses all of them, to register a legal representative in Taiwan. Officials said these restrictions were not aimed at TikTok.本月提出的一项提案将要求具有影响力的网络广告平台在台湾注册一名法定代表人。这些平台实际上涵盖了所有的网络广告平台。官员们表示，这些限制并非针对TikTok。“We currently think that TikTok is a product that endangers national information security, but this designation does not target TikTok specifically,” said Lee Huai-jen, the departing spokesman for the Ministry of Digital Affairs. The ministry slapped the same classification on other Chinese short-video apps, including Douyin and Xiaohongshu, which have large audiences in China.“目前我们认为TikTok是危害国家资通安全产品，但这不是只有针对TikTok，”即将离任的数位发展部发言人李怀仁说。该部对抖音和小红书等在中国拥有大量用户的其他中国短视频应用程序也给出了同样的定性。In March, executives from TikTok’s Singapore office met with government and political officials in Taiwan. The company talked with officials to “seek their feedback on our platform and for us to detail the many ways in which we keep our community safe,” a TikTok spokeswoman said. She added that the app’s data collection policies were in line with industry practices.今年3月，TikTok新加坡办事处的高管会见了台湾的政府和政治官员。TikTok发言人说，该公司与官员进行了交谈，“寻求他们对我们平台的反馈，并让我们详细说明我们保护社区安全的多种方式。”她还说，该应用的数据收集政策符合行业惯例。When Taiwan went to the polls in January, multiple organizations and government agencies were on call to make sure the conversation on TikTok stuck to the facts.今年1月，台湾举行大选时，多个组织和政府机构随时待命，以确保TikTok上的对话符合事实。字节跳动在北京的写字楼，摄于本月。TikTok communicated with Taiwan’s election commission, police agency and interior ministry to flag potentially illegal content. TikTok said it had removed almost 1,500 videos for violating its policies on misinformation and election integrity, and took down a network of 21 accounts that were amplifying pro-China narratives. It also worked with a local fact-checking group to tag election-related videos with resources about misinformation.TikTok与台湾选举委员会、警察部门和内政部进行了沟通，以标记潜在的非法内容。TikTok表示，它已经删除了近1500个违反虚假信息和选举诚信政策的视频，并关闭了一个由21个账户组成的网络，这些账户放大了亲中国的叙事。它还与当地的一个事实核查小组合作，在与选举相关的视频中标注了有关错误信息的资源。。But the day after the election, the website of the Taiwan Fact Check Center, a nongovernmental organization that works with tech companies including Google and Meta, was overwhelmed with thousands of visitors, according to its chief executive, Eve Chiu.但据台湾事实核查中心(Taiwan Fact Check Center)的首席执行官邱家宜说，在选举后的第二天，该中心的网站被成千上万的访问者淹没。事实核查中心是一个非政府组织，与谷歌和Meta等科技公司有合作。Many had seen videos on TikTok and YouTube showing volunteer poll workers making errors in the vote count and questioned the results of the election, Ms. Chiu said. Some of these videos were real, she added. The problem was that viewers were primed to think the scale of error was much larger than it was.邱家宜说，许多人在TikTok和YouTube上看到了志愿投票工作人员在计票中出现错误的视频，并对选举结果提出了质疑。她说，其中一些视频是真实的。问题是，观众被误导，认为误差的规模比实际要大得多。While Taiwan’s ruling political party did not use TikTok to campaign, its opponents, who are viewed with less antagonism by Beijing, did.台湾执政党没有使用TikTok进行竞选活动，被北京认为不那么敌对的反对党却在使用。But some worry that this made it easier for pro-China views to spread on TikTok, and that Taiwan’s approach to regulating social media is not robust enough to confront the persistent threat of foreign influence online.但一些人担心，这让亲中国的观点更容易在TikTok上传播，而且台湾监管社交媒体的方法不够有力，无法应对外国影响在网络上的持续威胁。“In the U.S., the target is very clear — this one platform — but in Taiwan, we don’t know where the enemy is,” Ms. Chiu said. “It’s not just a cross-strait issue, but a domestic one.”“在美国，目标非常明确——就是这个平台——但在台湾，我们不知道敌人在哪里，”邱家宜说。“这不仅是两岸问题，也是国内问题。”Meaghan Tobin是时报科技记者，常驻台北，报道亚洲地区的商业和科技新闻，重点关注中国。点击查看更多关于她的信息。Amy Chang Chien是《纽约时报》记者/研究员，常驻台北，报道台湾和中国新闻。点击查看更多关于她的信息。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。

Source: 同样面临虚假信息和安全威胁，台湾为何不封禁TikTok