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Author Topic: 街拍党必看!“消灭” 杂乱背景的 5 种方法  (Read 1295 times)

ZhangAlix

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街拍党必看!“消灭” 杂乱背景的 5 种方法

2019-01-30
      街头摄影最大的魅力之一,就在于它的趣味性。你需要在陌生或熟悉的街头游荡,拍摄你的 “摄影眼” 所看到的有趣的人和事,这个过程本身就很有意思。
不过,光有趣味性还不够,你还得保证出片率,而影响街头摄影出片率的重要因素之一就是杂乱的背景——杂乱无序,往往正是街头景物的常态。
今天要为您分享的,正是在街头摄影中避免杂乱背景,提高出片率的 5 种方法,喜欢街拍的朋友们不要错过哦!

1. 填充法
玩街头摄影,需要你有一双 “摄影眼”,能在纷乱的环境中发现值得一拍的趣味点;同时,你还需要把趣味点展现出来,让观众能第一时间注意到。
和拍人像、风光不同,街头摄影的拍摄对象往往具有不可控性,你没有时间去慢慢挑选一个好角度,寻找 “干净” 的背景再按下快门;而最佳方案就是聚焦放大主体,让它填充取景框,把其它干扰物体给排除掉。
即使你在前期拍摄时做不到这一点(比如说需要抓拍突然出现的 “决定性瞬间”),也最好在后期环节对作品进行裁剪,排除环境中杂乱的干扰景物,让主题更鲜明。

当然,主体也并不是越大越好,环境中也不全是干扰元素,在取景框裁剪(或后期软件裁剪)前你需要先对主题和环境进行大致评估,分清 “哪个元素是主题需要/不需要的” 再进行处理。
如下图所示,亲吻的情侣和背后招贴画上亲吻的人形成了相互呼应,使画面妙趣横生。在这里,墙上的画就是必要的画面元素:

而如果一味追求 “填充取景框”,你是可以把 “接吻的情侣” 展现得更突出,却失去了人与画相互呼应的趣味性。

2. “守株待兔” 法
和常规的 “在纷乱场景中发掘有趣主体” 不同,有时,你会先找到一处有趣的场景,却缺乏 “画龙点睛” 让它鲜活起来的主体。
这时,你就可以寻找一个好角度,预判过路行人可能会出现的大致位置,取景构图对焦完毕,然后静静地等待,等有人路过时按下快门。
这种方法需要一定的耐心和运气,但万一成功了,收获也是很大的。

3. 角度法
当你 “看上” 一个有意思的主体时,不要只是站在你看到他们第一眼的位置拍照——这往往不是一个好位置,不是一个新奇、有趣的角度。
你可以尝试换一个角度拍摄——往上/下拍,或者贴地拍摄。在这种 “极端” 角度下,你看到的景物和平时的视野不太一样,具有新鲜感,而且干扰景物往往也较少。

4. 遮挡法
在摄影构图里有一种 “框架式构图”,利用视觉遮挡,创造透过门缝/墙上的洞 “偷窥” 的感觉,增强画面吸引力。在街头摄影中,这一技法也常被运用。
你可以在前景处安排一些元素,对主体以外的画面其它部分进行遮挡,既能让主体吸引更多的视线,也可以遮挡杂乱的背景。
如果前景的关注度过高,可以通过虚化来让观众分清主次:

你也可以寻找一些能提供必要场景信息(时间、地点、季节等)的景物充当前景遮挡物。通常搭配关注度比较高的主体(比如,人),既自然地排除掉杂乱的背景,又对画面信息进行了补充。

5. 光影法
在光影对比强烈的区域,你可以轻松地通过曝光,把背景化为纯黑或纯白色。
比如说,在被一束强光照亮的区域,以被光线直接照亮的地方为基准测光,那么其它部分很可能就会变成接近黑色。
这样,无论背景有多杂乱,都会被隐藏在黑暗中。

当然,你没必要非得把背景弄得漆黑一片,什么都看不见,也可以恰当保留一些细节——这样可能会比纯黑的背景更有趣,同时也不会分散主体的注意力。
你可以在前期拍摄时 “留有余地” 一些,不要前期就拍出 “一片死黑” 的效果——毕竟,用后期手段把暗部变成一片死黑很容易,而要把一片死黑的暗部修复过来则要麻烦得多。

Source: 街拍党必看!“消灭” 杂乱背景的 5 种方法



 

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