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Discussion about Stock, Commodity and Forex Trading.
关于股票、商品和外汇交易的讨论。
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Posted by Newswire
 - December 05, 2023, 11:04:25 AM
你不应该认为交易很容易。原因如下。

许多股票和外汇交易者进入金融市场时都认为交易很简单,他们幻想快速获利、工作时间轻松,并且可以轻松地盯着图表就能过上理想的生活。这种错误的简单感往往受到社交媒体、病毒式传播的交易内容以及交易者展示盈利交易的精彩集锦的推波助澜。结果,许多新手把交易当作致富的捷径,而不是一门需要技巧、情绪成熟度、战略规划和长期投入的学科。这种认为交易很容易的心态,为交易界最具破坏性的习惯之一——过度交易——埋下了祸根。过度交易指的是交易者参与的交易过多、交易过于频繁、没有做好充分准备就进行交易,或者基于情绪而非策略进行冲动交易。它通常源于"做点什么"的心理需求、害怕错过机会的心理,或者认为交易越多利润就越多的错觉。不幸的是,事实恰恰相反。过度交易是导致不必要损失、情绪崩溃和交易账户爆仓的最快途径之一,而这一切往往始于对交易真正本质的误解。

当交易者认为交易很简单时,他们就无法理解市场力量的复杂性和价格走势的不可预测性。市场受到无数变量的影响,从宏观经济状况到机构指令、流动性周期、新闻事件以及影响人们交易行为的认知偏差。新手如果认为简单的模式或指标就能保证持续盈利,就必然会误解信号、误解市场环境,并进行缺乏策略基础的交易。这会导致情绪化交易的恶性循环:一次亏损带来挫败感,挫败感滋生急躁,急躁又驱使他们进行更多交易,希望快速弥补损失。过度交易不仅是一个技术错误,更是一个心理陷阱——它会逐渐削弱交易者的自律性,增加压力,并最终导致他们放弃最初打算遵循的所有规则。当交易者开始追求"活跃"市场的感觉,而非追求交易的有效性时,过度交易的危害就尤为严重。

过度交易还会扭曲交易者对风险的认知。许多交易者没有意识到,每一笔交易都意味着风险敞口,而每一笔不必要的交易都会增加遭遇连败的概率。交易过于频繁时,交易者往往会为了弥补小幅亏损而增加仓位,或者试图在没有策略依据的情况下"扩大规模"。这种行为源于一种误解,即交易越多,机会就越多。但事实上,每一笔交易都会消耗交易者的精力,增加压力,并逐渐损害其思维清晰度。每周进行五笔精心策划的交易与每周进行五十笔计划不周的交易有着本质的区别。前者能够保持冷静和情绪平衡,而后者则会变得焦躁不安、反应过度且焦虑不安。过度交易造成的精神疲劳是交易成功的隐形杀手之一。疲劳会蒙蔽判断力,降低遵守规则的能力,并使交易者更容易冲动行事——例如,随意入场、忽略止损或交易他们并不完全了解的市场。

当交易者将交易活动误认为学习时,损害会更加严重。许多人认为,他们花在买卖上的时间越多,积累经验的速度就越快,但真正的交易经验来自于分析、反思和有意识的改进,而不是盲目参与。过度交易使交易者无法正确地回顾他们的交易,识别自身的优势和劣势,也无法改进他们的策略。他们不是从市场中学习,而是被噪音淹没。随着时间的推移,他们开始依赖希望而不是逻辑,而希望永远不是交易策略。过度交易带来的损失往往比正常的损失更令人痛苦,因为交易者内心深处知道这些交易是不必要的。这种内疚感会进一步动摇他们的信心,导致报复性交易或孤注一掷地试图"赢回所有损失",从而使交易者更加深陷于破坏性的过度交易循环中。

要打破这种恶性循环,交易者首先必须面对现实:交易并非易事,也从来就不是一件容易的事。它更像是一种竞技技能,更接近于职业体育,而非被动投资。它需要充分的准备、不断的练习、持续的学习以及控制自身情绪的能力。首要的解决方案是调整心态:交易者必须摒弃轻松获利的幻想,认识到交易成功源于持之以恒、耐心和自律。仅仅是这种转变就能显著降低过度交易的冲动,因为交易者开始重视交易质量而非数量。一旦交易者理解等待是交易的一部分,并且市场并非总是提供理想的交易机会,他们就不会在不交易时感到焦虑。他们开始体会到在市场行情不明朗时保持观望的重要性。

另一个至关重要的解决方案是制定结构化的交易计划。交易计划就像一个过滤器,只允许高概率的交易机会通过。当交易者明确入场条件、交易时间框架、风险承受能力以及每日或每周的交易次数限制时,就能有效降低交易的随机性。通过缩小关注范围并制定规则,他们可以消除冲动决策的空间,从而避免过度交易。制定计划还能帮助交易者意识到自身的情绪触发点。有些交易者在无聊时过度交易,有些在兴奋时过度交易,还有一些在压力过大或盈利后过于自信时过度交易。识别这些触发点可以让交易者在造成损失之前纠正这种习惯。写交易日志在这里尤其有效:记录每次交易的原因可以暴露不必要的行为,并揭示那些原本会被忽略的模式。许多交易者发现,他们过度交易并非因为策略缺陷,而是因为他们总觉得必须"做点什么"。

培养耐心是另一个关键步骤。成功的交易者常说,真正的技巧不是寻找交易机会,而是等待交易机会。在市场中,大部分时间应该用来观察、分析和分析,而不是建仓。耐心可以防止情绪耗竭,并提供识别真正有意义的交易机会所需的清晰思路。当交易者秉持"少交易,多分析"的心态时,他们与市场的关系就会发生转变。他们不再与图表对抗,而是开始理解图表。耐心带来从交易中抽离情绪的能力,将每一笔交易都视为漫长交易序列中的一个环节,而非成败在此一举的关键时刻。这种冷静正是专业交易者保持交易稳定性的关键,并能防止他们陷入冲动交易的恶性循环。

最后,交易者必须接受亏损是正常的,没有完美的策略。认为每次亏损都必须立即纠正的想法是过度交易的主要驱动因素。相反,交易者应该专注于风险管理、理解概率以及长期保持交易的稳定性。如果交易者学会接受亏损是交易的一部分,他们就不会再感到有必要进行报复性交易或强行交易来弥补情绪上的不适。这种接纳可以减轻压力、增强自律性并稳定交易表现。交易不再是一场疯狂的竞赛,而变成了一个结构化、耐心且规则清晰、情绪平衡的过程。

归根结底,认为交易很容易的想法是金融界最具破坏性的错觉之一。它会让交易者失望,助长鲁莽行为,并加剧过度交易这种破坏性的习惯。事实上,交易需要自律、策略、情绪成熟以及持续学习的意愿。当交易者放弃轻松赚钱的幻想,拥抱技能提升的现实时,他们自然会摆脱过度交易,走向更健康、更可持续的交易方式。通过了解风险、识别心理陷阱并运用策略性解决方案,交易者可以打破恶性循环,为股票和外汇交易的长期成功奠定基础。
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