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Author Topic: 【大佬评片】后期处理核心思路:光影层次的把控  (Read 1550 times)

ZhangAlix

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【大佬评片】后期处理核心思路:光影层次的把控

2019-01-26
      对摄影作品的后期处理是个颇有难度的课题,这里所说的难度不仅是在技法层面,更是在思路层面。不少人的后期感觉就是泛泛地在修图,并没有形成一个确切的思路,所以修出来的照片感觉还是很普通。
针对这个问题,我在这一次的评片中,就会着重为大家讲述一个思路,那就是如何营造、强化作品的光影层次感。

闲话少说,我们进入今天的正题吧。
案例 1. 覆卮山日出
拍摄者:网名木瓜
点评:这张照片的技术水准已经超越了 “初学者” 范畴,但还是存在一些问题:
多余的天空部分和几条阻碍视线的草枝。天空部分占画面比例过大,占了画面近一半面积。如果天空云彩并没有十分出色,那么其实可以考虑通过裁剪减少天空面积;前景的几条草枝不美观又碍眼,可以去除。
地景部分区域光线处理得不太自然。有部分阴影区域明明是背光,并没有太多光线,却后期加上了色彩和光线。前景其实在这个时候已经没有十分强烈的太阳光线照射,所以可以稍微减弱前景的光线亮度。
画面有几处地方色彩饱和度过高。饱和度并不是越高越好的,关键是要通过对比来突出主题或营造氛围。

作者其实已经对这张照片进行过一些后期处理,但效果并不好——不同区域间的冷暖和明暗对比并不协调,这会让观看者有不知道看哪里的感觉,也让画面显得有点乱。
基于上述分析,我们在使用 Camera raw/Photoshop 进行处理时,可以先把曝光量减弱,同时把高光减弱,提亮整体阴影处,使其达到一个平衡:

接着,用色调分离工具,对高光暖调和阴影冷调做一个加强的处理,使其对比进一步增强:

裁剪掉多余的天空部分,和利用污点修复笔刷(spot healing brush) 来去除前景多余的草枝:

最后通过加深和减淡工具(Dodge/Burn) 来对前景、中景的路和花进行稍微提亮和利用 Camera Raw 滤镜来加强其暖调。
此外,也可以用 Camera Raw 滤镜来进一步加强远处山景阴影处的冷调。
最终效果如下:

案例 2. 扎尕那的登山者
拍摄者:Jason Wander
点评:画面元素的空间布局安排得不错,登山者和脚印起了点睛作用,引导了观看者视线向远处山峰山谷。
但由于天气原因和下雪,光线并没有十分好。加上后期处理得太过于平面,所有区域的亮度均一,并没有明显的明暗对比,导致画面层次感不足,并没有给观者一个比较强烈的三维立体空间感。
所以,后期处理时应该尽可能把山峰和天空区分开,其次把远处山峰和山坡也尽量分离,这样才能稍显层次感。
第一步,先用快速选择工具建立一个天空选区,对天空部分进行针对性调整。

利用色阶来加深天空灰度,使其与山峰尽可能区分开:

接下来用 Camera Raw 滤镜,进一步加强对比度和减弱高光,这样就能稍显出画面立体感。

案例 3. 日落时分的河谷
拍摄者:朝羽
点评:这张图片的构图、光影都很不错,明和暗互相相间,错落有致,但仍然存在两处瑕疵:有两个区域的阴影处亮度稍显过亮,明暗对比并没有太明显,从而光线感并不十分强烈。

这两个区域的光线亮度已经接近天空的亮度了,所以显得中景河谷处的光线感并没有那么强烈。
所以我们需要降低这两处区域的亮度,增添些许冷调颜色,同时加强天空和中景河谷的光线感,这样整个画面的立体感和光线层次感就出来了。
首先,利用 Camera Raw 滤镜对整体图片的曝光量进行一个减弱,同时保留高光处的亮度。此外加强整个画面的暖色调:

接着,我们利用 Camera raw 滤镜里的色调分离,加强阴影处的蓝调颜色。
如果觉得出来的效果过强,有点突兀,我们可以根据需要,利用图层的不透明度来减弱滤镜的效果。

接着,我们可以新建一个图层,利用 Camera raw 滤镜增加色温以及加强对比度,使天空和中景河谷处的暖调光线加强。

最后,用蒙版和笔刷刷出我们想要的效果区域——中景处的河谷和天空。
最效果如下:

总结
3 个案例,其实都是通过对不同区域的明暗和色调进行一个区分和调整,形成对比,以达到凸显光影层次感。有了光影层次感,整张画面立体感也自然加强了。
我们在处理一张风光图片的时候,首先要做的是理清不同区域之间的明暗和色调关系,如果没有理清楚,容易导致接下来的处理操作混乱——你自己都不知道自己想要什么效果,处理结果自然也难以让你满意。
(本文由 极影 AdventureX 授权发布)

Source: 【大佬评片】后期处理核心思路:光影层次的把控



 

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