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Author Topic: 水果价格飙升:以前吃樱桃蓝莓,现在挑菜瓜香瓜  (Read 905 times)

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水果价格飙升:以前吃樱桃蓝莓,现在挑菜瓜香瓜

2019.05.16
          
记者|杨立赟


“之前樱桃西瓜苹果蓝莓,现在菜瓜香瓜。”天津市民姚磊对界面新闻说,最近水果涨价太厉害,“不吃水果肯定不行,只能换品种买相对便宜的。”姚磊在当地菜市场买了两个苹果和两个橙子,一共花了21元,也就是说,平均每个水果超过4元。常常去日本东京出差的他发了一条朋友圈感叹:“物价直逼东京。”

这一条朋友圈引发不少人的共鸣。“半个西瓜50元。”“3个梨27.2元。”“3个丑橘就要20元。”大家纷纷报上自己经历的物价。姚磊调侃道:“以后香蕉都得切成段卖了。”

上个月,鲜果价格在官方数据上也有所体现。

国家统计局发布的4月份全国居民消费价格指数(CPI)同比上涨2.5%,涨幅比上月扩大0.2个百分点,为2018年10月以来最高水平。其中,食品价格上涨6.1%,影响CPI上涨约1.19个百分点。鲜菜价格同比上涨17.4%,猪肉价格同比上涨14.4%,鲜果价格上涨11.9%,这三项食品影响CPI上涨约0.96个百分点。

据央视报道,北京新发地果品批发市场的水果商户孙晓龙说,近三个月水果价格连续上涨,目前价格比较春节前总体涨幅在50%以上,苹果、丑橘价格上涨明显。

而作为水果中的一个大品,如果苹果涨钱,将带动其它水果一起涨价。

北京新发地市场统计部经理张君华则称,新发地市场目前的水果价格每公斤平均在6.15元左右,比去年同期上涨了大概在78%左右,上涨的主要品种包括猕猴桃、梨、苹果还有柑橘类。

产量减少、需求陡增,供不应求,使得价格上涨。

张君华说,去年受主产区大范围冻害影响,全国苹果减产25%左右,梨减产20%左右,导致商户库存量大幅下滑,拉高了苹果和梨的价格。而进入4月份以来,天气迅速变热,导致水果的需求量陡增,价格居高不下。


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目前市场上买到的很多是去年收获的水果,4、5月份应季的苹果尚未上市,因此,随着进入夏季气温上升,清仓越来越快,库存越来也少。有些囤货的批发商坐地起价,也把水果的销售成本加到零售价上。

在种植环节,由于蔬菜水果不在主粮耕地保护范围之内,所占土地容易让位给景观园林,由于国内特有的土地性质,果园规模小,机械化程度低,国内果园用工量高出国外主产国5倍以上,生产成本快速增加。

而中国对农业的补贴不及日韩的力度,农民只有放弃了土地上的劳作,进城务工,才可能获得更高的收入。青壮年农民持续流失,“没人种果树”是一大问题。随着市场对精品水果的需求增加,农民开始栽种新品种的果树,让果子长得漂亮,需要人工套袋。这个过程就很耗时、耗人工,种植成本增加。

此外,随着消费者对水果的包装、新鲜程度的要求不断提升,商家在冷库、冷链上的投入也逐渐增大,每一个水果的包装成本、流通成本都在上升。“羊毛出在羊身上”,最终还是由消费者买单。



图片来源:视觉中国



5月15日,国家统计局新闻发言人刘爱华就2019年4月份国民经济运行情况答记者问,被问及水果等物价上涨情况时,刘爱华表示,从鲜菜、鲜果价格来看,这两个品种明显受到极端天气因素的影响,这些季节性的短期冲击,不具有持续性。

拉动4月份CPI涨幅上升的因素除了猪肉之外,还有鲜菜、鲜果,这三类项目当月同比涨幅都超过了10%,对整体CPI的影响程度分别在0.2-0.4个百分点之间,所以,主要是因为食品价格的影响,食品价格同比上涨了6.1%,比上个月上升了2个百分点。

而猪肉的价格从2015年以来已经持续25个月下降,从上个月开始同比转正,这种同比上涨具有一定恢复性。从未来物价走势看,食品是很重要的考量因素。目前看粮油供应比较充足,价格也比较稳定,为总体价格的稳定奠定了比较好的基础。

他表示,总体而言,不管是从食品还是从工业消费品、服务来看,未来CPI不会出现大幅上涨的局面,物价平稳有坚实的基础。

不过,水果价格的上涨对资本市场的影响已经有所体现。

《每日经济新闻》报道,水果价格的上涨在资本市场也泛起了阵阵涟漪。在期货市场,苹果主力合约在5月15日尾盘一度触及涨停,收盘上涨5.13%,最近六个交易日累计上涨超过12%。

4月30日才在郑商所正式挂牌上市的红枣期货最近三日也录得大幅上涨,其中红枣期货主力合约在5月13日涨停,在5月14日和15日又分别再度涨5.79%和2.49%。而主营果蔬产品全产业链的上市公司宏辉果蔬的股票在5月累计涨幅已达47.98%。


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“原来水果涨价不是我的错觉。”在苏州生活的李晶说,昨天去水果超市本来想买一袋提子,刚刚拿起来,看到价格标明24元一斤,吓得赶紧放下。“水果还是要吃,只是以后要去便宜的水果摊,尽量不去精品水果店了。”她说。

Source: 水果价格飙升:以前吃樱桃蓝莓,现在挑菜瓜香瓜



 

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