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Author Topic: 美国再将中国36家公司列入贸易黑名单  (Read 159 times)

SuHaiJack

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on: December 21, 2022, 12:00:08 PM
美国再将中国36家公司列入贸易黑名单

ANA SWANSON2022年12月16日拜登政府要求数十家中国公司与美国政府合作,以核实产品未被用于可能对美国构成安全风险的活动。 Oliver Contreras for The New York TimesWASHINGTON — The Biden administration on Thursday stepped up its efforts to impede China’s development of advanced semiconductors, restricting another 36 companies and organizations from getting access to American technology.华盛顿——周四,拜登政府加大了阻止中国发展先进半导体的力度,又有36家公司和机构被限制获得美国技术。The action, announced by the Commerce Department, is the latest step in the administration’s campaign to clamp down on China’s access to technologies that could be used for military purposes and underscored how limiting the flow of technology to global rivals has become a prominent element of United States foreign policy.商务部宣布的行动是政府打击中国获取可用于军事目的技术的最新举措,突显出限制技术流向全球竞争对手已成为美国外交政策的一个重要构成。Administration officials say that China has increasingly blurred the lines between its military and civilian industries, prompting the United States to place restrictions on doing business with Chinese companies that may feed into Beijing’s military ambitions at a time of heightened geopolitical tensions, especially over Taiwan.政府官员表示,中国越来越模糊其军工和民用工业之间的界限,这促使美国在地缘政治紧张局势加剧之际,尤其是在台湾问题上对可能助长北京军事野心的中国企业做生意进行限制。In October, the administration announced sweeping limits on semiconductor exports to China, both from companies within the United States and in other countries that use American technology to make those products. It has also placed strict limits on technology exports to Russia in response to Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine.10月,美国政府宣布全面限制对中国的半导体出口,包括来自美国境内的公司和其他国家使用美国技术生产这些产品的公司。作为对莫斯科入侵乌克兰的回应,美国政府还严格限制向俄罗斯出口技术。“Today we are building on the actions we took in October to protect U.S. national security by severely restricting the PRC’s ability to leverage artificial intelligence, advanced computing, and other powerful, commercially available technologies for military modernization and human rights abuses,” Alan Estevez, the under secretary of commerce for industry and security, said in a statement, referring to the People’s Republic of China.负责工业和安全事务的商务部副部长艾伦·埃斯特韦斯在声明中说:“今天,我们在10月采取的行动基础上严格限制中华人民共和国利用人工智能、先进计算和其他强大的商用技术进行军事现代化和侵犯人权的能力,以保护美国国家安全。”Among the most notable companies added to the list is Yangtze Memory Technologies Corporation, a company that was said to be in talks with Apple to potentially supply components for the iPhone 14.被列入名单的一家知名企业是长江存储科技公司,据说该公司正在与苹果公司商谈,可能为iPhone 14供应零部件。Congress has been preparing legislation that would prevent the U.S. government from purchasing or using semiconductors made by Y.M.T.C. and two other Chinese chip makers, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation and ChangXin Memory Technologies, because of their reported links to Chinese state security and intelligence organizations.国会一直在准备立法,阻止美国政府购买或使用长江存储和另外两家公司生产的半导体。这两家中国芯片制造商分别是中芯国际和长鑫存储技术有限公司,据报道它们与中国的国家安全和情报机构存在联系。The U.S. government added the companies to a so-called entity list that will severely restrict their access to certain products, software and technologies. The targeted companies are producers and sellers of technologies that could pose a significant security risk to the United States, like advanced chips that are used to power artificial intelligence and hypersonic weapons, and components for Iranian drones and ballistic missiles, the Commerce Department said.美国政府已在所谓的实体清单中添加这些公司,该清单将严格限制它们获得某些产品、软件和技术。商务部表示,这些被针对的公司是那些可能对美国构成重大安全风险的技术的生产商和销售商,例如为人工智能和高超音速武器提供动力的先进芯片,以及伊朗无人机和弹道导弹的组件。In an emailed statement, Liu Pengyu, the spokesman for the Chinese embassy in Washington, said that the United States “has been stretching the concept of national security, abusing export control measures, engaging in discriminatory and unfair treatment against enterprises of other countries, and politicizing and weaponizing economic and sci-tech issues. This is blatant economic coercion and bullying in the field of technology.”中国驻华盛顿大使馆发言人刘鹏宇在一封电子邮件声明中表示,美国“一直过度使用国家安全概念,滥用出口管制措施,对他国企业进行歧视和不公平对待,将经济和科技问题政治化和武器化。这是赤裸裸的经济胁迫和技术领域的霸凌”。“China will resolutely safeguard the lawful rights and interests of Chinese companies and institutions,” he added.他还说:“中方将坚决维护中国企业和机构的合法权益。”On Monday, China filed a formal challenge to the Biden administration’s chip controls at the World Trade Organization, criticizing the restrictions as a form of “trade protectionism.”周一,中国在世界贸易组织对拜登政府的芯片控制提出了正式挑战,批评这些限制实为“贸易保护主义”。The administration said that some companies, including Y.M.T.C. and its Japanese subsidiary, were added to the list because they posed a significant risk of transferring sensitive items to other companies sanctioned by the U.S. government, including Huawei Technologies and Hikvision.美国政府表示,包括长江存储及其日本子公司在内的一些公司被列入名单,是因为它们存在将敏感物品转移到其他受美国政府制裁的公司的重大风险,包括华为技术和海康威视。The Commerce Department said that another entity, Tianjin Tiandi Weiye Technologies, was added for its role in aiding China’s campaign of repression and surveillance of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region of China, as well as providing U.S. products to Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps. U.S.-based firms will now be forbidden from shipping products to these companies without first obtaining a special license.商务部表示,另一个实体天津天地伟业科技有限公司被列入黑名单,是因为该公司在协助中国镇压和监视新疆地区的维吾尔族和其他穆斯林少数民族,以及向伊斯兰革命卫队提供美国产品方面发挥了作用。现在,美国公司在未经事先获得特别许可的情况下将被禁止向这些公司运送产品。Twenty-three of the entities — in particular, those supplying advanced chips used for artificial intelligence with close ties to the Chinese military and defense industry, and two Chinese companies that were found to be supporting the Russian military — were hit with even tougher restrictions.其中23家实体——特别是与中国军方及国防工业密切相关的人工智能先进芯片供应商,以及被发现支持俄罗斯军方的两家中国企业——都受到了更严格的限制。The companies will be subject to what is known as the foreign direct product rule, which will cut them off from buying products made anywhere in the world with the use of American technology or software, which would encompass most global technology companies.这些企业将受所谓的外国直接产品规则约束,一切带有美国技术或软件的产品的全球购买渠道均被切断,而这将涵盖大多数全球性科技企业。The administration also said it would lift restrictions on some companies that had successfully undergone U.S. government checks that ensured their products weren’t being used for purposes that the government deemed harmful to national security.拜登政府还表示将取消对一些企业的限制,这些企业通过了美国政府审查,确保其产品不会用于政府认定的危害国家安全的目的。As part of the restrictions unveiled in October, the Biden administration placed dozens of Chinese firms on a watch list that required them to work with the U.S. government to verify that their products were not being used for activities that would pose a security risk to the United States.作为在10月公布的限制措施的一部分,拜登政府将数十家中国企业列入观察名单,要求它们与美国政府合作,验证其产品未被用于对美构成安全风险的行为。A total of 25 entities completed those checks, in cooperation with the Chinese government, and thus have been removed from the list. Nine Russian parties that were unable to clear those checks were added to the entity list, the department said.在中国政府的配合下,共有25家实体完成了审查,因此已从名单中移除。商务部表示,九家未能通过审查的与俄罗斯相关方均被列入实体名单。A spokesperson for the Commerce Department said that the actions demonstrated that the United States would defend its national security but also stood ready to work in cooperation with companies and host governments to ensure compliance with U.S. export controls.商务部发言人表示,这些行动表明了美国捍卫国家安全的决心,但美国也随时准备与企业和东道国政府合作,确保美国出口管制规定得到执行。In a separate announcement Thursday morning, a government board that oversees the audits of companies listed on stock exchanges to protect the interests of investors said that it had gained complete access for the first time in its history to inspect accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong.在周四上午发布的另一份声明中,一个为保护投资者利益而负责监管上市企业审计的政府委员会表示,自它成立以来首次获得了对总部位于中国大陆及香港的会计师事务所进行全面审查的权限。The agency, called the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, said this was just an initial step in ensuring that Chinese companies are safe for U.S. investors. But the development marked a step toward a potential resolution of a yearslong standoff between the United States and China over financial checks into public companies. It also appeared to decrease the likelihood that major Chinese companies will be automatically delisted from U.S. exchanges in the years to come.这个上市公司会计监督委员会宣称,这只是确保中国企业对美国投资者安全的第一步。但该进展标志着美中两国针对上市企业财务审查问题上长达数年的僵局朝着可能解决的方向迈出了一步。这似乎也降低了大型中国企业未来几年从美国交易所自动退市的可能性。Congress passed a law in 2020 that would have required Chinese companies to delist from U.S. stock exchanges if U.S. regulators were not able to inspect their audit reports for three consecutive years.国会于2020年通过了一项法律,规定若是美国监管机构连续三年无法检查审计报告,中国企业就必须从美国证券交易所退市。Erica Y. Williams, the chair of the board, said the announcement should not be misconstrued as a “clean bill of health” for firms in China. Her staff had identified numerous potential deficiencies with the firms they inspected, she said, though that was not an unexpected outcome in a jurisdiction being examined for the first time.委员会主席埃丽卡·威廉姆斯表示,这一声明不应被误解为给中国企业的“健康证”。她说,工作人员在审查企业时发现了许多潜在不足,尽管这对于一个首次接受审查的司法管辖领域来说并不是意外的结果。“I want to be clear: this is the beginning of our work to inspect and investigate firms in China, not the end,” Ms. Williams said.“我想明确一点:这是我们对中国企业检查和调查的开始,而不是结束,”威廉姆斯说。Ana Swanson是时报驻华盛顿记者,负责报道贸易和国际经济新闻。她此前在《华盛顿邮报》工作,报道贸易、美联储和经济新闻。欢迎在Twitter上关注她:@AnaSwanson。翻译:纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。

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