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« on: January 16, 2023, 12:00:39 PM »美日将加强军事合作，抵御中朝俄等威胁
黄安伟2023年1月12日周一，来自美国、日本、英国和澳大利亚的空降兵参加了在日本船桥市举行的联合演习。 Issei Kato/ReutersWASHINGTON — U.S. and Japanese officials said on Wednesday that the two nations would expand their military cooperation, including improving Japan’s missile strike capabilities and making the U.S. Marine unit in that country more flexible for potential combat.华盛顿——美国和日本官员周三宣布，双方将扩大军事合作，包括提升日本的导弹打击能力，并使驻日美国海军陆战队更加灵活地应对可能发生的战斗。The changes come as both nations perceive greater threatening behavior from China and North Korea, as well as Russia. Those three countries have decades-long partnerships that they have recently affirmed in various settings, despite many nations’ condemnation of Russia over its war in Ukraine.之所以出现这些变化，是因为两国都感受到了来自中国、朝鲜以及俄罗斯更具威胁性的行为。虽然许多国家谴责俄罗斯在乌克兰发动的战争，但中朝俄近来都在不同场合确认了三国之间长达数十年之久的伙伴关系。The United States and Japan have been working in recent years to strengthen their military alliance. On Wednesday, Antony J. Blinken, the U.S. secretary of state, and Lloyd J. Austin III, the U.S. defense secretary, met with their Japanese counterparts in Washington to discuss security issues and other matters. President Biden and Prime Minister Fumio Kishida of Japan are scheduled to meet in Washington on Friday.美国和日本近年也在努力加强其军事联盟。周三，国务卿布林肯和国防部长奥斯汀在华盛顿会见了日本同级官员，商讨安全问题和其他事项。拜登总统与日本首相岸田文雄定于周五在华盛顿会晤。“There is clear strategic alignment between the visions of President Biden and Prime Minister Kishida,” Mr. Austin said at a news conference after meetings on Wednesday.“拜登总统与岸田首相的愿景具有明确的战略一致性，”奥斯汀在周三会晤后的新闻发布会上表示。He also praised Japan’s decision to increase its annual military spending. Last month, the Kishida administration released a new national security strategy in which Japan committed to spending 2 percent of its gross domestic product on its annual defense budget, a substantial increase that puts it in line with a standard set by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.他还肯定了日本增加年度军费开支的决定。上个月，岸田文雄政府发布了一项新的国家安全战略，宣布日本承诺将国内生产总值的2%用于年度国防预算，这样的大幅增长意味着日本将与北大西洋公约组织制定的标准保持一致。Mr. Austin also affirmed Japan’s decision to invest more in “counterstrike capabilities,” meaning missiles that can be used for offensive operations. Japan has said it intends to buy hundreds of Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States.奥斯汀支持日本对“反击能力”（即可用于进攻行动的导弹）加大投入的决定。日本称，计划从美国购买大量“战斧”巡航导弹。Mr. Blinken said officials from the two nations will sign an agreement on a defense partnership in outer space later this week.布林肯表示，两国官员将于本周晚些时候签署一项外太空防御伙伴关系的协议。Under the new U.S. deployment arrangement in Japan, Marines who are serving in Okinawa as part of the 12th Marine Regiment, an artillery unit, will transform into a more mobile unit — the 12th Marine Littoral Regiment. The new configuration will allow them to more easily fan out to other islands along the coast when the need arises, U.S. officials said.根据美国新的对日部署，驻扎在冲绳、隶属炮兵第12海军陆战团的海军陆战队将转变为机动性更强的第12滨海作战团。美国官员表示，新配置将使这些部队在需要时更易于分散到沿岸其他岛屿。The littoral regiment will have battalion-size units, about 2,000 troops total, and have long-range fire capabilities that can hit ships. Mr. Austin said the change will lead to a presence that is “more lethal, more agile, more capable.”这个滨海作战团将按营级规模建制，总兵力约2000人，并配备打击船舰的远程火力。奥斯汀表示，这一变化将使美军的存在“更致命、更敏捷、能力更强”。The agreement will not increase the number of Marines serving in Okinawa, officials said. But it will allow Marines to more quickly deploy if tensions intensify in the region. Pentagon officials said the restructuring is in part to deal with China’s growing military activity and presence, including around the island of Taiwan, a self-governing democracy that the Chinese Communist Party intends to bring under its rule.官员们表示，该协议不会增加驻冲绳的海军陆战队数量，但可以让海军陆战队在该地区紧张局势加剧的情况下迅速部署。五角大楼官员表示，重组的部分原因是为了应对中国包括在台湾岛周围日益增长的军事活动和存在，台湾是一个中共意图置于其统治之下的自治民主岛屿。Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine last year has made American, Taiwanese and Japanese officials more anxious about the possibility of China trying a move on Taiwan — perhaps not in the coming months or years, but maybe by the end of the decade. Much depends on how Chinese officials perceive the balance of military strength in the region, which includes American forces, U.S. officials say.俄罗斯去年全面入侵乌克兰，让美国、台湾和日本官员更加担心中国对台采取行动的可能——这或许不是近忧，但可能会在这个十年结束前发生。美国官员称，这在很大程度上取决于中国官员如何看待该地区的军事力量平衡，其中也包括美军。In August, China alarmed Japan when it fired ballistic missiles in the waters around Taiwan to send a message of aggression to the island and to the United States after Speaker Nancy Pelosi visited in a show of support. Five of the missiles landed in the exclusive economic zone off Japan’s coast, the first such occurrence.去年8月，在众议院议长佩洛西访台以示支持后，为向台湾和美国示威，中国向台湾附近海域发射了弹道导弹，引起了日本的担忧。其中五枚导弹落在日本的专属经济区，这样的情况尚属首次。Japanese officials have also been disquieted by a series of joint military exercises conducted by China and Russia in the region. The two nations held one such exercise in May, the first one they had done together since Russia invaded Ukraine. Mr. Biden was visiting Tokyo at the time for a meeting of the Quad, a coalition of the United States, Japan, India and Australia that was formed in part to counter China’s growing power.日本官员也对中俄在该地区举行的一系列联合军事演习感到不安。中俄去年5月举行了一次这样的演习，是俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来的首次。当时拜登正在东京参加“四方安全对话”会议，这是由美国、日本、印度和澳大利亚组成的联盟，部分原因是为了对抗中国日益增长的实力。China and Japan have not resolved territorial disputes over waters and islands in the East China Sea. The Japanese and American militaries have noted increased Chinese maritime activity in the area, U.S. officials said.中日两国在东海海域和岛屿还有领土争端尚未解决。美国官员表示，日美军方注意到中国在该地区的海事活动有所增加。Japan’s bolstering its military capabilities is likely to cause greater unease in South Korea to some degree, given the bitter memories there of Japan’s violent occupation of the Korean Peninsula, which still has a profound effect on relations between the two countries. But the United States has been pressing both nations, which share security interests and concerns, to maintain working ties. Besides China, the two countries and the United States are worried about the nuclear weapons program and military actions of North Korea.鉴于韩国对日本暴力侵占朝鲜半岛的痛苦记忆——这对两国关系仍然影响深远——日本加强军事力量的举措在一定程度上可能引起韩国的不安。但美国一直在向两国施压，敦促双方基于共同的安全利益和关切保持合作。除中国外，日韩和美国也都对朝鲜的核武器计划和军事行动感到担忧。The government run by Kim Jong-un, the ruler of North Korea, launched more than 90 ballistic and other missiles in 2022, more than in any other year. It has continued to conduct missile launches this year. American, Japanese and South Korean officials are bracing for a potential nuclear test by North Korea.金正恩政权在2022年发射了90多枚弹道导弹和其他导弹，比以往任何一年都要多。今年，朝鲜将继续进行导弹发射。美国、日本和韩国官员正在为朝鲜可能进行的核试验做准备。Yoshimasa Hayashi, Japan’s foreign minister, said on Wednesday that the American and Japanese governments had reaffirmed all aspects of the U.S. defense commitment to Japan, including the U.S. nuclear umbrella that is intended to act as a deterrent.日本外相林芳正周三表示，美国和日本政府重申了美国在各个层面上对日本的防务承诺，包括旨在发挥威慑作用的美国核保护伞。Helene Cooper对本文有报道贡献。黄安伟(Edward Wong)是一名外交与国际新闻记者，在时报任职超过20年，其中13年驻伊拉克和中国进行报道。他因关于伊拉克战争的报道获得了利文斯顿奖(Livingston Award)，也曾入选普利策奖候选名单。他是哈佛大学尼曼学者，并在普林斯顿大学担任费里斯新闻学教授。欢迎在Twitter上关注他： @ewong。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。
Source: 美日将加强军事合作，抵御中朝俄等威胁
黄安伟2023年1月12日周一，来自美国、日本、英国和澳大利亚的空降兵参加了在日本船桥市举行的联合演习。 Issei Kato/ReutersWASHINGTON — U.S. and Japanese officials said on Wednesday that the two nations would expand their military cooperation, including improving Japan’s missile strike capabilities and making the U.S. Marine unit in that country more flexible for potential combat.华盛顿——美国和日本官员周三宣布，双方将扩大军事合作，包括提升日本的导弹打击能力，并使驻日美国海军陆战队更加灵活地应对可能发生的战斗。The changes come as both nations perceive greater threatening behavior from China and North Korea, as well as Russia. Those three countries have decades-long partnerships that they have recently affirmed in various settings, despite many nations’ condemnation of Russia over its war in Ukraine.之所以出现这些变化，是因为两国都感受到了来自中国、朝鲜以及俄罗斯更具威胁性的行为。虽然许多国家谴责俄罗斯在乌克兰发动的战争，但中朝俄近来都在不同场合确认了三国之间长达数十年之久的伙伴关系。The United States and Japan have been working in recent years to strengthen their military alliance. On Wednesday, Antony J. Blinken, the U.S. secretary of state, and Lloyd J. Austin III, the U.S. defense secretary, met with their Japanese counterparts in Washington to discuss security issues and other matters. President Biden and Prime Minister Fumio Kishida of Japan are scheduled to meet in Washington on Friday.美国和日本近年也在努力加强其军事联盟。周三，国务卿布林肯和国防部长奥斯汀在华盛顿会见了日本同级官员，商讨安全问题和其他事项。拜登总统与日本首相岸田文雄定于周五在华盛顿会晤。“There is clear strategic alignment between the visions of President Biden and Prime Minister Kishida,” Mr. Austin said at a news conference after meetings on Wednesday.“拜登总统与岸田首相的愿景具有明确的战略一致性，”奥斯汀在周三会晤后的新闻发布会上表示。He also praised Japan’s decision to increase its annual military spending. Last month, the Kishida administration released a new national security strategy in which Japan committed to spending 2 percent of its gross domestic product on its annual defense budget, a substantial increase that puts it in line with a standard set by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.他还肯定了日本增加年度军费开支的决定。上个月，岸田文雄政府发布了一项新的国家安全战略，宣布日本承诺将国内生产总值的2%用于年度国防预算，这样的大幅增长意味着日本将与北大西洋公约组织制定的标准保持一致。Mr. Austin also affirmed Japan’s decision to invest more in “counterstrike capabilities,” meaning missiles that can be used for offensive operations. Japan has said it intends to buy hundreds of Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States.奥斯汀支持日本对“反击能力”（即可用于进攻行动的导弹）加大投入的决定。日本称，计划从美国购买大量“战斧”巡航导弹。Mr. Blinken said officials from the two nations will sign an agreement on a defense partnership in outer space later this week.布林肯表示，两国官员将于本周晚些时候签署一项外太空防御伙伴关系的协议。Under the new U.S. deployment arrangement in Japan, Marines who are serving in Okinawa as part of the 12th Marine Regiment, an artillery unit, will transform into a more mobile unit — the 12th Marine Littoral Regiment. The new configuration will allow them to more easily fan out to other islands along the coast when the need arises, U.S. officials said.根据美国新的对日部署，驻扎在冲绳、隶属炮兵第12海军陆战团的海军陆战队将转变为机动性更强的第12滨海作战团。美国官员表示，新配置将使这些部队在需要时更易于分散到沿岸其他岛屿。The littoral regiment will have battalion-size units, about 2,000 troops total, and have long-range fire capabilities that can hit ships. Mr. Austin said the change will lead to a presence that is “more lethal, more agile, more capable.”这个滨海作战团将按营级规模建制，总兵力约2000人，并配备打击船舰的远程火力。奥斯汀表示，这一变化将使美军的存在“更致命、更敏捷、能力更强”。The agreement will not increase the number of Marines serving in Okinawa, officials said. But it will allow Marines to more quickly deploy if tensions intensify in the region. Pentagon officials said the restructuring is in part to deal with China’s growing military activity and presence, including around the island of Taiwan, a self-governing democracy that the Chinese Communist Party intends to bring under its rule.官员们表示，该协议不会增加驻冲绳的海军陆战队数量，但可以让海军陆战队在该地区紧张局势加剧的情况下迅速部署。五角大楼官员表示，重组的部分原因是为了应对中国包括在台湾岛周围日益增长的军事活动和存在，台湾是一个中共意图置于其统治之下的自治民主岛屿。Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine last year has made American, Taiwanese and Japanese officials more anxious about the possibility of China trying a move on Taiwan — perhaps not in the coming months or years, but maybe by the end of the decade. Much depends on how Chinese officials perceive the balance of military strength in the region, which includes American forces, U.S. officials say.俄罗斯去年全面入侵乌克兰，让美国、台湾和日本官员更加担心中国对台采取行动的可能——这或许不是近忧，但可能会在这个十年结束前发生。美国官员称，这在很大程度上取决于中国官员如何看待该地区的军事力量平衡，其中也包括美军。In August, China alarmed Japan when it fired ballistic missiles in the waters around Taiwan to send a message of aggression to the island and to the United States after Speaker Nancy Pelosi visited in a show of support. Five of the missiles landed in the exclusive economic zone off Japan’s coast, the first such occurrence.去年8月，在众议院议长佩洛西访台以示支持后，为向台湾和美国示威，中国向台湾附近海域发射了弹道导弹，引起了日本的担忧。其中五枚导弹落在日本的专属经济区，这样的情况尚属首次。Japanese officials have also been disquieted by a series of joint military exercises conducted by China and Russia in the region. The two nations held one such exercise in May, the first one they had done together since Russia invaded Ukraine. Mr. Biden was visiting Tokyo at the time for a meeting of the Quad, a coalition of the United States, Japan, India and Australia that was formed in part to counter China’s growing power.日本官员也对中俄在该地区举行的一系列联合军事演习感到不安。中俄去年5月举行了一次这样的演习，是俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来的首次。当时拜登正在东京参加“四方安全对话”会议，这是由美国、日本、印度和澳大利亚组成的联盟，部分原因是为了对抗中国日益增长的实力。China and Japan have not resolved territorial disputes over waters and islands in the East China Sea. The Japanese and American militaries have noted increased Chinese maritime activity in the area, U.S. officials said.中日两国在东海海域和岛屿还有领土争端尚未解决。美国官员表示，日美军方注意到中国在该地区的海事活动有所增加。Japan’s bolstering its military capabilities is likely to cause greater unease in South Korea to some degree, given the bitter memories there of Japan’s violent occupation of the Korean Peninsula, which still has a profound effect on relations between the two countries. But the United States has been pressing both nations, which share security interests and concerns, to maintain working ties. Besides China, the two countries and the United States are worried about the nuclear weapons program and military actions of North Korea.鉴于韩国对日本暴力侵占朝鲜半岛的痛苦记忆——这对两国关系仍然影响深远——日本加强军事力量的举措在一定程度上可能引起韩国的不安。但美国一直在向两国施压，敦促双方基于共同的安全利益和关切保持合作。除中国外，日韩和美国也都对朝鲜的核武器计划和军事行动感到担忧。The government run by Kim Jong-un, the ruler of North Korea, launched more than 90 ballistic and other missiles in 2022, more than in any other year. It has continued to conduct missile launches this year. American, Japanese and South Korean officials are bracing for a potential nuclear test by North Korea.金正恩政权在2022年发射了90多枚弹道导弹和其他导弹，比以往任何一年都要多。今年，朝鲜将继续进行导弹发射。美国、日本和韩国官员正在为朝鲜可能进行的核试验做准备。Yoshimasa Hayashi, Japan’s foreign minister, said on Wednesday that the American and Japanese governments had reaffirmed all aspects of the U.S. defense commitment to Japan, including the U.S. nuclear umbrella that is intended to act as a deterrent.日本外相林芳正周三表示，美国和日本政府重申了美国在各个层面上对日本的防务承诺，包括旨在发挥威慑作用的美国核保护伞。Helene Cooper对本文有报道贡献。黄安伟(Edward Wong)是一名外交与国际新闻记者，在时报任职超过20年，其中13年驻伊拉克和中国进行报道。他因关于伊拉克战争的报道获得了利文斯顿奖(Livingston Award)，也曾入选普利策奖候选名单。他是哈佛大学尼曼学者，并在普林斯顿大学担任费里斯新闻学教授。欢迎在Twitter上关注他： @ewong。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。
Source: 美日将加强军事合作，抵御中朝俄等威胁