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Posted by: SuHaiJack
« on: December 31, 2022, 06:00:43 AM »

美国将要求自中国入境旅客提供新冠阴性证明

SHERYL Same Currency Pair STOLBERG, BENJAMIN MUELLER2022年12月29日中国丹寨,正在给人做核酸的医务工作者。 Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesThe Biden administration announced on Wednesday that travelers from China, Hong Kong and Macau must present negative Covid-19 tests before entering the United States, a move that it says is intended to slow the spread of the coronavirus. The requirement will take effect on Jan. 5.拜登政府周三宣布,从中国、香港和澳门出发入境的旅客在进入美国之前必须提供新冠检测阴性证明,并表示此举旨在减缓新冠病毒的传播。该措施将于1月5日生效。The announcement, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, came amid growing concern over a surge of cases in China and the country’s lack of transparency about the outbreak there.美国疾控中心宣布该消息之际,对于中国感染激增以及该国在本轮疫情中缺乏透明度的担忧正日益增多。C.D.C. officials said the requirement for testing will apply to air passengers regardless of their nationality and vaccination status. It will also apply to travelers coming from China who enter the United States through a third country, and to those who connect through the United States to other destinations. Italy and Japan have already imposed similar restrictions.疾控中心官员表示,检测要求将适用于所有航空旅客,无论其国籍和疫苗接种状况如何。对于从中国经由第三国进入美国,以及经美国转机前往其他目的地的旅客也适用。意大利和日本已经实施了类似的限制。But as they did when President Donald J. Trump imposed pandemic travel limitations, some experts questioned whether the testing requirement would do any good — especially given the surge in cases in the northeastern United States. The American trend is being fueled by an especially fast-spreading Omicron subvariant: XBB, which appears to be spreading more quickly than ones related to the dominant variant in Beijing.但正如特朗普总统实施过的疫情旅行限制一样,一些专家质疑强制检测可能没有任何作用——特别是考虑到美国东北部感染已经激增的情况。美国的疫情来自传播性超强的奥密克戎XBB亚型变异株,它似乎比中国流行的主要变异株传播速度更快。“I understand politically why it must be done, but the bottom line is, it’s a false sense of security that we’re really slowing transmission,” said Michael T. Osterholm, the director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota.“从政治上讲,我理解必须这么做的原因,但总而言之,这是一种虚假的安全感,觉得我们真能减缓传播,”明尼苏达大学传染病研究和政策中心主任迈克尔·奥斯特霍姆表示。China’s Covid outbreak has been worsening in recent days, with local governments reporting hundreds of thousands of infections a day. Videos obtained by The New York Times show sick patients crowding hospital hallways. But the situation is difficult to track in real time because China does not release reliable Covid data.中国的新冠疫情最近几天一直在恶化,地方政府每天都报告数以十万计的感染。《纽约时报》获得的视频显示,医院的走廊里挤满了病人。但由于中国没有发布可靠的新冠数据,很难实时追踪疫情的发展。After three years of insisting on a “zero Covid” policy, China made an abrupt turnabout in early December and lifted that policy, after mass protests over lockdowns that threatened the ruling Communist Party. Since then, there has been an explosion of cases in Beijing.在坚持“新冠清零”政策三年后,中国在12月突然转向取消了该政策,此前反对封锁的大规模抗议威胁到了执政的中共。自那以后,中国的感染出现了爆炸式增长。Scientists in Hong Kong have reported that an Omicron subvariant known as BF.7 has been responsible for the Beijing outbreak. That variant is a sublineage of BA.5, which has until recently been dominant in the United States. But BF.7, while present in the United States for months, has not shown signs of outcompeting other versions of Omicron here.香港科学家报告称,中国的疫情来自于一种名为BF.7的奥密克戎亚型变异株。该变异株是BA.5的亚分支,直到最近,BA.5一直都是美国流行的主要毒株。但BF.7虽然在美国传播了好几个月,但没有证据显示其传染性比国内其他奥密克戎变异株更强。The C.D.C. estimated that BF.7 made up 4 percent of cases in late December, and that it had become less common since November. Other Omicron subvariants that scientists believe may be more adept at evading existing immune responses, including XBB, are currently more prevalent in the United States.美国疾控中心估计,在12月底的感染中,BF.7约占到4%,且自11月以来变得不再那么流行。科学家认为,其他包括XBB在内的奥密克戎亚型变异株可能更擅长逃避现有免疫反应,目前在美国更为普遍。Scientists said that, for now at least, the variant that fuels China’s outbreak may not necessarily be the one that most effectively sidesteps immune responses. Because so few people in China have been infected with versions of Omicron, any of the highly contagious Omicron subvariants that have been circling the world lately could take off there.科学家表示,至少就目前而言,导致中国疫情暴发的变异株可能不一定是最擅长避开免疫反应的变种。由于在中国感染过不同种类奥密克戎病毒的人还很少,因此最近全球流行的任何具有高度传染性的奥密克戎亚型变异株都可能在那里大肆传播。In a population like China’s with so little existing immunity from infections, the dominant variant may not necessarily be the one that is best at getting around those immune responses, but simply the one that happens to catch fire, they said.他们说,像中国这样对感染免疫力非常低的人口,占主导地位的变异株不一定就是最擅长逃避这些免疫反应的变种,而只是碰巧传播起来的。“In some sense, whatever took off first is probably going to be dominant there,” said James Wood, an infectious disease expert at the University of New South Wales in Sydney.“从某种意义上说,无论最先传播的是何种毒株,很可能都会在那里占据主导地位,”悉尼新南威尔士大学传染病专家詹姆斯·伍德表示。In the United States, the C.D.C. estimated last week that the XBB subvariant has grown to account for nearly a fifth of cases in the country, up from only 3 percent of cases a month earlier.在美国,疾控中心上周估计,XBB亚型变异株已增长到占据全国近五分之一的病例,一个月前这一数字仅为3%。XBB is spreading especially quickly across the northeast United States, scientists have said, accounting for more than half of new infections there. And it appears to have an advantage over the BQ.1 Omicron subvariants that have lately been dominant in the United States, scientists said.科学家表示,XBB在美国东北部蔓延得特别快,占到当地新增病例的一半以上。科学家说,它似乎比近来在美国占主导地位的BQ.1奥密克戎亚型变异株更厉害。Scientists are in the early stages of studying the XBB subvariant. They said that an even newer version of that subvariant had emerged, known as XBB.1.5. Preliminary studies have suggested that that latest version of XBB is adept at evading existing immune responses and at binding to human cells.科学家正处于研究XBB亚型变异株的早期阶段。他们说XBB的一个更新版本已经出现,被称为XBB.1.5。初步研究表明,这个最新版的XBB善于逃避现有免疫反应,还能与人体细胞结合。Emily Anthes及Karan Deep Singh对本文有报道贡献。 Sheryl Same Currency Pair Stolberg是一名报道卫生政策的华盛顿记者。在《纽约时报》的二十多年里,她还负责过报道白宫、国会和国内政治。加入时报前,她曾在《洛杉矶时报》作为都市版的报道团队成员赢得过两项普利策奖。欢迎在Twitter上关注她:@SherylNYT。Benjamin Mueller是一名健康和科学记者。此前,他作为驻伦敦记者报道了冠状病毒大流行,还曾负责报道纽约市警察。欢迎在Twiiter上关注他:@benjmueller翻译:Harry Wong点击查看本文英文版。

Source: 美国将要求自中国入境旅客提供新冠阴性证明

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