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Author Topic: 当创新和言论自由成为一种武器  (Read 959 times)

SuHaiJack

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on: February 16, 2019, 06:01:39 AM
当创新和言论自由成为一种武器

AMY CHANG CHIEN2019-02-15 15:36:07芝加哥大学。
关键词:weaponize 武器化在竞争激烈的美国入学考试中,学生如何脱颖而出?时报专栏作家托马斯·弗里德曼(Thomas L. Friedman)在《决定成功的“两种规则”》一文中写道:几年前,美国大学委员会的领导曾表示,要取得成功,学生们需要拥有掌握“两种规则”的能力——计算机科学和美国宪法。他们给出的理由是:如果你想在我们的民主制度中成为一个被赋权的公民,你需要知道美国宪法的规则是如何运作的。如果你想成为一名被赋权、拥有适应能力的工人、艺术家、作家、科学家或教师,你需要知道计算机如何工作以及如何塑造它们。弗里德曼在文中使用了weaponize这个动词进一步解释了这“两种规则”是如何影响美国社会的:“只要观察一下Facebook在2016年大选中是如何遭到滥用,就可以看到美国最大的两个优势——创新与言论自由——已经被武器化了。如果这两样没有和谐共处,那么,嗯,‘休斯顿,我们有麻烦了。’”“One must observe only how Facebook was abused in the 2016 election to see that two of the greatest strengths of America — innovation and free speech — have been weaponized. If they are not harmonized, well, Houston, we have a problem.”根据韦氏词典,weaponize一词出现在20世纪中期,其意思是“将某物用为为战争武器”。根据剑桥英语词典,weaponize意为将细菌、有毒化学物质等转化为可以造成杀伤力的武器;或是让某个东西能被用来攻击某个人或群体。Weaponize一词时常见诸报端。 2018年,美国大法官埃琳娜·卡根(Elena Kagan)曾批评保守派人士将“将宪法第一修正案武器化”(weaponizing the First Amendment),用它打击公会、否决加州一项关于堕胎的法律。你认为创新与言论自由在美国已经被“武器化”了吗?你还观察到哪些类似的现象?欢迎来信与我们分享你的观点,也欢迎对“每日一词”这个栏目提出意见和建议。我们的读者信箱地址是:cn.letters@nytimes.com。

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