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Author Topic: 冬季外拍不容易,这些问题要注意!  (Read 718 times)

ZhangAlix

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on: January 16, 2020, 05:00:56 AM
冬季外拍不容易,这些问题要注意!

2020-01-14
      冬季有着四季中最为特殊的景观,你身边熟悉的世界会 “脱胎换骨”,“改头换面”。这正是你外拍的好机会。
与此同时,冬季的自然条件也是最为特殊的,这也为你的外拍工作带来了难度。你需要面对一些额外的问题,应用一些特殊的技法,才能保证拍摄的成功率与出片率。

1. 较长的黄昏与黎明
虽然白昼的时间会显著变短,但冬天的太阳在地平线附近停留的时间会变长——也就是说,日出更晚而日落更早,同时日出/日落的过程会变长,你可以拥有更多的拍摄机会。
在日出日落时分拍摄,无论是柔和的光线,还是朝霞/晚霞都是很不错的拍摄对象,不过要想在这样的低光环境下,需要一定的技术——或者足够好的相机/手机。

2. 寻找对比
冬季的色彩,比起其它三个季节(尤其是秋季)都要单调得多,但这对摄影来说其实未必不是好事——这更便于你利用主体色调,创造对比,形成醒目的图像。
尤其是在下雪的时候,天地一片白茫茫,如果画面中有一些鲜艳色彩的景物(如红色的屋顶、红衣服的人等),会显得很醒目。

3. 利用光线
冬季的环境色彩 “寡淡”,但换句话说,“一张白纸,才好作画”,光线本身在整个场景中的比重会明显变大,选择富有表现力的光线,可以让略显沉闷的场景变得丰富起来。
比如说,在天气晴朗时正对太阳拍摄,强烈的逆光能造就一些特殊的光影特效:星芒化的阳光、眩光与 “光雾”、长长的树木投影…… 可以轻易地打破场景本身的平淡感。

再比如说,选择在日出日落时分拍摄,鲜艳的暖色调阳光会给雪地 “染色”,让雪地呈现出别样的色彩,具有超现实的梦幻感。
在利用光线时,为了保证地面景物不过暗,可以考虑让光线部分略微过曝。你可以通过直方图和高光警告功能来对曝光进行精确控制。

4. 注意保暖
拍摄冬季场景最重要的挑战之一就是保暖——尤其是当你从行进中停下来,在原地找机位、找角度时,会格外地冷。
除了身上的保暖以外,对摄影师而言更重要的是手部的保暖——这会影响到你操作相机的灵活性和准确度。你可以考虑带上暖手器,或者使用摄影师专用的防寒手套,这类手套会露出拇指和食指尖端以保证操作相机方便。

不仅是人要保暖,相机的电池也要保暖。在过低的温度下(0℃ 左右),相机的电极反应速率会变慢,却必须保持相同的输出功率,因此耗电量会增大,同时也会影响电池寿命。
可以说,机身、电池的保暖比人身体的保暖还要重要。无论是机身上装载的电池还是包中的备用电池,都需要放在温暖的环境中,比如说用毛巾、棉布包着;在更冷的地方(比如说东北的雪地里),可能还需要在包中放热水袋或者暖宝宝。

除此之外,寒冷天气外拍对于体力也是一个挑战,最好带上一些便携而高热量的食物,以备不时之需。
5. 拍雪技巧
雪景是冬天的 “特产”,但要拍好雪需要注意一些特殊的问题。
首先是白平衡的问题,有人喜欢把白平衡设置为 “阴天白平衡” 或者把色温调高,用暖色调弥补雪地本身的冷色调,让它更接近白色;也有人反其道而行之,调低色温让雪地显得更蓝,更有 “寒冷” 的感觉。
无所谓哪种好哪种不好,看你个人喜好;或者,你可以二者都试试。

接下来就是曝光方面的问题,即 “白加黑减”——由于画面大部分地方是白色的雪,测光系统容易把实际亮度判断得偏高,从而导致自动曝光的数值偏低,使雪变成灰黑色。
也就是说,你可以尝试把曝光补偿提高 1 到 2 挡,这样拍出来的雪会更白——或者说,更 “真实”。

除此之外,你可能还需要使用偏振镜,它可以在阳光明媚的时候减少眩光和雪地上的散射光;在拍摄水流时还可以更好地拍出水底下的景物。
(来源:实用摄影技巧)

Source: 冬季外拍不容易,这些问题要注意!



 

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