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Author Topic: 两种简单方法,用 PS 打造 “飘雪” 特效  (Read 675 times)

ZhangAlix

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两种简单方法,用 PS 打造 “飘雪” 特效

2019-12-11
      你所在的城市,下雪了吗?看着网友们晒出的一张张雪景,你羡慕了吗?但并不是所有地方都会下雪的,没雪地区的小伙伴该怎么办呢?感谢数码后期技术,至少,它能让这些小伙伴们过把瘾,“定制” 一场只存在于照片中的雪。本文将为您介绍两种简单的方法,仅用 Photoshop 和一些简单操作,就能在你的照片里创造出不错的 “飘雪” 效果。
在开始介绍具体操作方法之前,我们需要选一张作为 “小白鼠” 的示例作品。首先,最好选择夜景,因为在夜间的雪花看起来会更显眼;其次,不要选下图这种,有大片空白地面的场景:

为什么这么说呢?因为如果下雪的话,地面就算没积雪,也会有水的啊~选这样的画面会多一道很麻烦的 “工序”,而且 P 出来的效果还不好。
你可以选择不包含地面的中景特写,或者是雨后地面湿漉漉的场景,这样和 “雪天” 的氛围契合度会比较高。
接下来,我们将以下图为例,为你讲解在 PS 中打造 “飘雪” 效果的具体操作方法:

1. “点状化” 法
将图片导入 PS,并且复制背景图层,将新图层命名为 “雪花”(非必须,个人爱好,图个方便);随后在上方菜单选择 “滤镜-像素化-点状化”,会出现这样的一个界面:

你可以调整下方的 “单元格大小” 数值,数值越大,散点的 “个头” 就越大,而数量就越少。如果你想要很密集的 “大雪” 效果,最好把这个数值设小一些。
随后,在菜单中选择 “图像-调整-阈值”,按住下方的小三角往右拖。图像会变为单色,并且越向右拖,图像中的点就变得越少、越均匀,更真实。

点击确定,你会得到这样的一个画面:

这看起来似乎只是一些黑色背景上的白色雪花点;别急,在图层界面上方的混合模式窗口点一下,选择 “滤色”(英文版是 Screen)。
这个混合模式的特点是,保留显示两个图层中比较亮的部分——所以上方图层的白点会保留,而黑色底消失。

接下来,把这些纷纷扬扬如头皮屑一般的白点,弄得更有 “飘扬” 的感觉。
菜单选择 “滤镜-模糊-动感模糊”,会出现这样的界面:

调整倾斜角度,你可以决定雪花飘动的方向;而下方的 “距离” 数值不能调得太高,否则白点会变成 “雨丝” 而不像 “飘动的雪花”:

设置一个合适的小数值(本文中设置为 6),你就会得到这样的效果:

最后,再恰当调整 “雪花” 图层的不透明度,即可得到一张看着颇有感觉的 “飘雪” 夜景图:

你可以多次反复尝试调整 “动感模糊” 里的角度和 “距离” 数值,还有雪花图层的不透明度,来获取最符合你审美观,同时还不太假的飘雪特效。
2. 画笔预设法
和上一种方法相比,画笔预设法可能操作上会麻烦一些,但好处是雪花看起来没那么 “均匀”,会显得更真实一些。
首先,你需要新建一个白色背景的空白文件,选择画笔工具,并将前景色设置为黑色。在画布上绘制 3 到 4 个不规则的圆圈集合体,它们将是你将要创建的 “不规则雪花” 特效的基本素材。
绘制完成后在菜单上选择编辑-定义画笔预设,可以将这块画布的图案变为画笔图案,不妨将它重命名为 “不规则雪花”。

做完这一步你就可以把这个新建文档关掉了,随后打开示例图片,菜单选择 “图层-新建-图层”,在这个新建的空白图层上,你就可以用刚才预设的 “不规则雪花” 画笔来绘制你想要的飘雪特效了。
不过,在正式开始涂抹绘制之前,你要先对画笔的具体形态进行调整。选择画笔工具,把前景色设置为白色,菜单栏 “窗口-画笔”,在出现的画笔预设界面中调整 “形状动态” 和 “散布” 两项竖直。具体的画笔形态变化,你可以在下方的预览区(红圈处)看到。

随后,在画面中绘制一些白点,尽量铺开一些,但又不要让它们分布得太规则。你可以通过菜单中的 “滤镜-模糊-高斯模糊” 来柔化雪花点的边缘。

上图的结果,你可以视为是你绘制的第一层,或者说 “最远处” 的雪花;随后,你需要再新建一个空白图层,继续使用刚才的画笔,提高半径数值,改变一些 “形状动态” 和 “散布” 数值,并更 “疏送” 地点一些雪花点——这是模拟 “较近处” 的雪花。
再度执行高斯模糊(数值要做出恰当调整)后,结果如下:

你还可以继续选择不同的画笔半径和 “形状动态”“散布” 数值,制造出更有层次感的雪花。
调整各图层透明度后,最终结果如下:

(来源:实用摄影技巧)

Source: 两种简单方法,用 PS 打造 “飘雪” 特效



 

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