香港“反送中”抗议一周年回顾

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香港“反送中”抗议一周年回顾

MIKE IVES,MIKE IVES2020-06-09 16:19:165月24日，香港的抗议者。
Sign up for NYT Chinese-language Morning Briefing.（欢迎点击此处订阅NYT简报，我们将在每个工作日发送最新内容至您的邮箱。）One year ago on Tuesday, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators in Hong Kong gathered for a march that became the start of the semiautonomous Chinese city’s biggest political crisis and the broadest expression of public anger with Beijing in decades.一年前的这个周二，成千上万的香港抗议者集会游行，标志着这座中国半自治城市数十年来最严重的政治危机，以及对北京最广泛的公开愤怒表达的开始。In the months that followed, protesters filled the city’s streets, broke into the local legislature and vandalized it, staged sit-ins at the airport, and turned a university campus into a fiery battleground. Earlier this year, the demonstrations quieted amid the coronavirus pandemic.在随后的几个月中，抗议者遍布城市街道，闯入并破坏地方立法会，在机场静坐，并将大学校园变成了激烈的战场。示威活动在今年早些时候的新冠疫情期间平静下来。But Beijing’s push to impose national security laws over the territory has prompted some protesters to return to the streets. It is a reminder that many thorny issues — including the demonstrators’ demands for greater official accountability — remain unresolved. Here is a look at how we got here.但是北京在该地区推动实施新国安法的举措，促使一些抗议者返回街头。这提醒了人们，包括示威者要求加强官方问责在内的许多棘手问题仍未解决。以下是这一年的发展过程。Crowding the streets人群挤满街道Organizers estimate that a million people marched on June 9, 2019, against a proposed law allowing extraditions to mainland China. The rally was mostly peaceful, though some protesters and police officers clashed after midnight. Three days later, the police fired tear gas at protesters who had blocked a major highway outside the local legislature. The heavy-handed response prompted another June march that organizers said drew nearly two million people.组织者估计，2019年6月9日有100万人参加游行，反对拟议中的允许将犯人引渡到中国大陆的法案。这次集会大多是和平的，虽然在午夜后一些抗议者和警察发生了冲突。三天后，抗议者封锁了当地立法机构外的一条主要道路，警察对他们使用了催泪瓦斯。这次的强硬手段引发了6月的另一次游行，据组织者说那次游行吸引了近200万人参与。
在6月12日的抗议活动中，示威者对警方对他们使用催泪瓦斯感到震惊。
Crashing the legislature冲入立法会On July 1, hundreds of thousands of people marched to denounce police brutality and Beijing’s growing influence over the city on the 22nd anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to China. A group of demonstrators also smashed their way into the local legislature using metal bars and makeshift battering rams. That confrontation reflected a wider attempt by the protest movement to target symbols of authority, including local police stations and the Chinese government’s liaison office in the city.7月1日，香港回归中国22周年之际，成千上万的人游行谴责警察暴行以及北京日益增强的影响。一群示威者还用金属棒和临时组装起来的撞锤砸破并冲入当地的立法会。这次对抗反映了抗议运动针对权威象征——包括当地警察局和中国政府联络办公室——的更广泛尝试。
抗议者占领并破坏了立法会大楼。
Clashing with the police与警察发生冲突Street clashes between black-clad protesters and the police became routine. Increasingly, protesters coordinated their actions on the fly using encrypted messaging — an effort to evade the police and new restrictions on public gatherings. Some began carrying makeshift weapons, attacking opponents on the streets and vandalizing businesses seen as supporting the police and the government. A slogan from the movie series “The Hunger Games” — “If we burn, you burn with us” — became a call to arms.穿着黑衣的抗议者和警察之间的街头冲突已成为一种日常。抗议者越来越多地使用加密消息来组织他们的行动——这是为了躲避警察和对公众聚集的新限制。一些人开始携带自制武器，在大街上攻击对手，毁坏被认为支持警察和政府的商铺。电影《饥饿游戏》(Hunger Games)中的口号——“要烧死我们，我们就同归于尽”(If we burn, you burn with us)——成为了战斗的口号。
7月14日，沙田附近的抗议者和警察。
Getting attacked by a mob被暴徒攻击On July 21, after protesters vandalized Beijing’s liaison office in Hong Kong, a mob attacked a group of protesters in a train station. Dozens were injured, including journalists and a pro-democracy legislator. The appearance of police inaction that night would fuel widespread anger toward the Hong Kong police force, and suspicion that officers were unwilling to protect antigovernment protesters.7月21日，示威者破坏了香港中联办，暴徒在地铁站袭击了一群示威者。数十人受伤，其中包括记者和泛民立法者。当晚警察不作为的表现将激起人们对香港警察的广泛愤怒，并怀疑警察不愿保护反政府示威者。
厨师卡尔文·苏说，在被一群暴徒袭击时，他正在元朗一处抗议活动地点附近行走。
Shutting down the airport关闭机场By August, Hong Kong’s sleek and efficient airport was the center of protesters’ focus. First there were days of sit-ins by demonstrators who wanted to voice their complaints to some of the tens of thousands of travelers who move through the airport each day. The protesters then blocked some travelers, snarling flights and causing hundreds of cancellations. After protesters attacked two men from mainland China, the airport obtained a court injunction barring access to its terminals to anyone expect employees and travelers bearing flight tickets.到8月，精良且高效的香港机场已成为抗议者关注的中心。示威者先是静坐了几天，希望向每天通过机场的数以万计旅客表达他们的抗议。后来，示威者堵住了一些旅客，妨碍登机并造成数百次航班取消。在示威者袭击了两名来自中国大陆的男子后，该机场获得了法院的强制令，禁止任何除机场雇员和持机票的旅客外的人士进入航站楼。
8月13日，抗议者和警察在机场发生冲突。
Firing at protesters向抗议者开枪While Beijing marked the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China on Oct. 1 with a military parade, protesters in Hong Kong held widespread demonstrations that turned violent. An officer fired a live round that hit an 18-year-old who, according to video, appeared to hit the officer with a pipe. The teenager was arrested and taken to a hospital for treatment. Days later, the Hong Kong government used emergency powers to ban face masks at protests, a move that was scaled back in a series of court rulings.北京在10月1日庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年之际举行了阅兵式，而香港的抗议者举行了大规模示威，后演变为暴力。一名警察开枪击中一名18岁的年轻人，根据视频显示，此人似乎用钢管击打了该警察。该少年被捕并送医治疗。几天后，香港政府动用紧急权力禁止在抗议活动中蒙面，此后的一系列法院裁决缩小了该禁令的覆盖面。
10月1日，黄大仙区的防暴警察。
Taking universities by storm席卷大学校园In some of the most dramatic moments of the protest movement, university campuses became focal points of unrest in November after a student demonstrator died in a fall from a parking garage during a police operation. Protesters occupied the Chinese University of Hong Kong for five days. Activists in and around the Hong Kong Polytechnic University fought off the police by hurling Molotov Keynesian economics and Techincal Analyzertails and launching arrows from bows. The police later arrested hundreds of protesters after a lengthy siege.抗议运动中，一些极具戏剧性的时刻让大学校园成为了动乱的焦点。11月，一名学生示威者在一次警察行动中从停车场摔落后死亡。抗议者占领了香港中文大学长达五天。香港理工大学内外的激进分子通过燃烧瓶和弓箭与警察对抗。警察在长期围困后逮捕了数百名抗议者。
11月17日，抗议者从香港理工大学的路障后面向警察投掷了燃烧瓶。
Winning an election选举获胜The protest movement earned a stunning victory in late November as pro-democracy candidates captured most of the seats in local elections for district councils, one of the lowest elected offices in the city. It was a vivid expression of the city’s aspirations and its anger with the Chinese government, and the protests subsided for several weeks after that. On New Year’s Day, demonstrators returned to the streets in full force in a protest that started peacefully but descended into violent clashes with the police.抗议运动在11月下旬取得了令人惊喜的胜利，泛民候选人在区议会地方选举中占据了多数席位，区议会是香港最低级别的民选机构之一。这一结果鲜明地表达了这座城市的愿望和对中国政府的愤怒，抗议活动在那之后的数周平息下来。但在元旦当天，示威者全面重返街头，起初是和平抗议，但后来演变成与警察的暴力冲突。
1月1日，警察在铜锣湾地区围捕了数十人。
Pausing for a pandemic因疫情而中断Early this year, after the coronavirus emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan and spread around the world, the protests eased as residents stayed home and social-distancing rules were imposed. But demonstrators pressured the government in other ways, notably through a union of hospital employees who went on strike to force the government to slow travel from mainland China to lessen the risk of spreading the coronavirus.今年年初，在中国武汉市出现新冠病毒并蔓延到世界各地之后，抗议活动随着居民留在家中和实施限距令而缓和。但是示威者以其他方式向政府施压，特别是医院雇员通过集体罢工迫使政府减少从中国大陆的入境人数，以减少传播新冠病毒的风险。
3月20日，香港机场几乎空空荡荡。
Facing new scrutiny面临新的审查Lunchtime rallies re-emerged this spring, though on a much smaller scale than the protests by office workers and others that brought traffic to a halt in key business districts last year. Last month, protesters took to the streets to vent their anger over Beijing’s plan to impose new national security laws and a bill in front of the local legislature that would ban the disrespect of China’s national anthem. The police, who have taken a more aggressive approach to clamping down on protests after a new commissioner was installed last year, arrested at least 180 people.午餐时间的集会在今年春天重新出现，但比去年上班族和其他人参与的抗议活动规模小得多，那时的抗议活动导致主要商业区的交通陷入停滞。上个月，抗议者走上街头，对北京计划实施新国安法以及在当地立法会禁止侮辱国歌的法案表示愤怒。去年新警务处处长上任后，警察采取了更加积极的行动来镇压抗议活动，逮捕了至少180人。
5月27日，警察在中环发射了辣椒弹。
Defying a ban违反禁令Hong Kong has long hosted the only large-scale remembrance on Chinese soil of the Chinese military’s brutal crackdown on pro-democracy protesters around Tiananmen Square in Beijing on June 4, 1989. Last year, in a reflection of the growing concern in the city over the proposed extradition law, organizers said more than 180,000 people attended the vigil. This year, the police banned the event for the first time in 30 years, citing the epidemic risk, but thousands of people defied the authorities and gathered in districts across the city.中国军队在1989年6月4日对北京天安门广场周围的亲民主示威者进行了残酷镇压。长期以来，香港一直是中国领土上唯一纪念此事件的地方。去年，据组织者称有超过18万人参与了守夜活动，反映出该市对拟议的引渡条例的日益担忧。今年，警方以疫情风险为理由，30年来首次禁止了该活动，但成千上万的人无视当局禁令，在城市各区进行集会。摄影：林亦非王霜舟(Austin Ramzy)是《纽约时报》驻香港记者，专注本地新闻，也报道区域性和突发新闻。他此前驻台湾和北京，曾对亚洲重大事件作出报道。欢迎在Twitter上关注他 @austinramzy。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。

Source: 香港“反送中”抗议一周年回顾